International Herald Tribune , 1992, France, English

The Global Newspaper
Editedand Published
- In Paris '

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Loodon.Zurich, Hois Kong,
Sngaprie/nie Haguejjarseilfe,
NewY«i*Rnme,Tokyo, Frankfurt,

No. 33,931

Published With The NewTbrik Times and The Washington R>sl

14/92

**

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ESTABLISHED 1887

Yeltsin
Wins Pact
On Unity
Of Russia

18 of 20 Regions
Wrest Concessions
As Signing Price

By Fred Hiatt

Washington Past Serrice

MOSCOW — President Boris N.
Yeltsin, seeking to insulate Rosas
from the process of disintegration
that destroyed the Soviet Union,
signed a treaty of federation Tues-
day with 18 of the 20 semiautono-
roous regions of his vast nation.

Mr. Yeltsin heralded the treaty
as vital for Russia's future and or-
dered a fireworks display in Mos-
cow to celebrate its si gning Lead-
ers of the ethnic regions, many of
which are wealthy in oil, diamonds

Moscow’s strike in the IMF is set
at 3 percent Page 6.

and other resources, pledged to re-
main within Rnssia in exchange for
mere sovereignty and a greater
share of their miner al wealth.

“A united Russia was, is and will
be,” Mr.' Yeltsin said after -q gntng
the accord in one of the Kremlin's
most ornate halls. ‘‘The course of
Russian history win not be bro-
ken.’'

Backers of the accord said it
would finally put a brake on the
process of dissoluti on that has seen

15 new nations, from Estrada to
Kyrgyzstan, emerge from the Sovi-
et Union. But some observers, re-
membering the many treaties that
were signed or initialed and then
ignored as the Soviet Union splint-
ered last year, reacted with some
caution to the achievement.

A television commentator, Yuri
Rostov, noting that many regions
signed with reservations or condi-
tions, said that the treaty was in-
tended to prevent “or slow” Rus-
sia's disintegration, and could only
be seen at this stage as a symbol of
Russia's desire to remain whole:

Sergei Shakhrai, a Ydtsan advis-
er who offered his reagnation fra
apparently unrelated reasons T\ies-
day, ageed that various regions’
objections, and what he regarded as
excessive Russian concessions,
meant that *in practice everyone
will be graded by his own text, and
people win suffer as a result"

The treaty gives each region the
right to “independently partici-
pate" in foreign relations and for-
eign economic ties, to govern itself
based on its own constitution and
laws and to choose its own anthem.
Hag and state symbol.

B. Stankcvkh, another
adviser involved in die

See RUSSIA, Page 6

King Joan Carlos I of Spain, wearing yanm&e, and Queen Sofia during the ceremony Tuesday.

Spain Reconciles With Jews

After 500 Years, f < a Painful Cycle in History 9 Is Closed

By Alan Riding

New York Tones Semce

MADRID — In a poignant ceremony marking
the 500th anniversary of die expulsion of the Jews
from Spain, President Chaim Herzog of Israel and
King Juan Caries I of Spainprzyed together in the
synagogue of Madrid on Tuesday in a gesture
symbolizing the reconciliation of their two peo-
lies.-

Fra Mr. Herzog, it was an occasion that “doses
one more of the many painful cydes in the history
of our people.” And he added: “We cannot change
the part. But we can learn its lessons and thus
assures better fatare for ourselves and humanity.”

For the king, it was a chance both to pay homage

to the exiled Sephardic Jewish c ommun ities that
over the centuries, never forgot their Spanish roots
and to tdl Spanish Jews that Sepharad — the
Hebrew name for Spain —is “no longer a nostal-
gia” because it is once again their own home.

“It may seem odd to choose the anniversary of a
separationfor a meeting of such profound signifi-
cance,” said Juan Carlos, who wore a yarmulke
and was accompanied by Queen Sofia. “But the
history of all peoples and, without doubt, that of
Spain, is fall of lights and shadows .”

The edict of expulsion signed by King Ferdi-

nand and Queen Isabella in Granada on March 31,
1492, ordered “the depa r t ure of all Jews from our
kingdoms with instructions that they should never
return.” Faring death if they stayed beyond July
31 that year, between. 100,000 and 200,000 Jews
fled.

Their abrupt departure ended a Jewish presence
in Spain that dated back to at 1 east the thud
century and had included periods of great prosper-
ity and influence. “Fra those Jews, Spain was not
an exile or a diaspora," said David Grebkr, presi-
deniof the National Jewish Commission Sepharad
92.*Spain was their country.”

The expulsion of the Jews is one of three water-
shed events that took place in 1492 and are being
marked by this year’s qumcentenniaL On Jan. 2,
1492, the fall of Granada ended eight centuries of
Arab presence and completed the unification of
Spain. On Oct 12, 1492, Christopher Cohimbus
discovered the New World, founding a vast Span-
ish empire in the Americas.

The religious ceremony in the Beth Yaacov
Synagogue of Madrid, accompanied by prayers
and psalms, was the principal event of Sepharad
92, an international program of publications, lec-
tures, exhibitions, concerts and movies to com-
See MADRID, Page 6

UN Votes Sanctions on
China and 4 Others Abstain

By Paul Lewis

New York Times Service

UNITED NATIONS, New York — By a
relatively narrow vote, the United Nations Se-
curity UHincii has given Libya until April 1 5 to
surrender two Libyans accused of blowing up
Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, in
1988 and to cooperate with an investigation
into the destruction of a French airliner over
West Africa the following year.

If Libya does not comply by this date its air
links with the rest of Lbe world will be cut off
and it will suffer a variety of other economic
and political sanctions, including ao arms em-
bargo.

The vote in the 15-nation council was 10
members in favor and none against, one more
than the minim um of nine needed to approve a
resolution.

But five members, or a third of the member-
ship, abstained, all of them saying thev favored
delaying an ultimatum to Libya to allow more
time for a negotiated settlement.

The abstainers were China, a permanent
member that could have vetoed the decision, as
well as Morocco, the council's only Arab mem-
ber, and India, Cape Verde and Zimbabwe.

The council's two Latin American members,
Venezuela and Ecuador, voted in favor, along
with the United States, Britain. France. Russia.
Japan, Austria. Hungary and Belgium.

The resolution, which obtained a smaller
margin of support than any of those dealing
with Iraq during the Gulf crisis, was adopted
despite pleas from the Arab league, the Orga-
nization of Islamic States and the Maghreb
Union of North African countries for delay and
warnings by these bodies that sanctions against
Libya risk arousing politically destabilizing
passions throughout the Arab world.

But all council members emphasized that
Libya still had two weeks left in which to
comply with their demand that it hand over the
suspects in the Pan Am 103 disaster to Britain
or the United States for trial and send four
other Libyans before a French judge investigat-
ing the downing of UTA's Flight 772 over
Niger.

A total of 441 people from 30 countries died
in the two catastrophes.

In addition. Libya must not only “commit

itself definitively" to renouncing terrorism buL
also “demonstrate its renunciation of terror-
ism” by unspecified “concrete actions."

If Libya fails to meet the April 15 deadline,

all countries must sever air links with Tripoli,

close its airline offices and stop servicing its
aircraft or selling it more planes and spare
pans.

The sale of all armaments to Libya will also
be banned.

And governments must reduce the size of

Libyan embassies and restrict the movement of
Libyan diplomats.

The resolution provides for these sanctions
to be reviewed by the council at least every four
months. .And it says countries suffering eco-
nomic hardship as a result of there, such as
neighboring Egypt and Tunisia, which fear Lib-
ya might expel their nationals working there,
may appeal to the council for compensation.

The U.S. representative. Thomas R. Picker-

See LIBYA, Page 3

Don Emmett- A^ence Fiwt ftm

The U.S. ambassador to the UN, Thomas R. Pickering, top right, with the British ambas-
sador, Sr David Hannay. to his right, as the Security Council debated on Tuesday.

Mounting Concern in Clinton Campaign

. By Thomas B. ErisaU

H'ashingian Pott Serrice

NEW YORK — Facing strong
evidence that questions about his
character have put him at risk in
next Tuesday’s important New
York primary. Bill Chmon has
changed strategy, suddenly step-
ping up debates with his remaining
opponent for the Democratic
nomination.

The Arkansas governor said he
sought the added televised debates
with Edmond G. (Jerry) Brown Jr.
as a way of going “directly to the
people,” bypassing what he com-
plained were distortions of his cam-
paign by the media.

His initiative to request more de-
bates with Mr. Brown, the former
California governor, was an unusu-
al step for a from-nmner. Mr.
Brown appeared to recognize that

Tuesday when he said. “There’s a buying a b?J?-hour of television
little nne in politics — you never time in New York to let him answer
debate a challenger tin til you're a questions directly from voters, a
loser. That’s the category he's in tactic he used successfully in the

— r: t -P .i vi ( 1 l:

now.
Responding

to Mr. Clinton’s

□inton sees a high-level post for
his wife if be is elected. Page 3.

challenge to add more debates. Mr.
Brown said. “Things are looking
“P-" ~

Mr. Clinton explained his cam-
paign shift by saying that the voters
have heard only “bad stuff dumped
on them about me.” Since, he said,
the media do not accurately report
on his positions, “at least the peo-
ple who watch the debate will hear
them.”

in addition to the debates, Mr.
Clinton’s advisers are considering

final week of the New Hampshire
primary campaign in February.

“There is a timii to how much
lime 1 have.” Mr. Clinton said,
sounding uncharacteristically pes-
simistic.

The cumulative effects of allega-
tions about his marriage, draft sta-
tus and business dealings were un-
derscored in a poll released Sunday
night by WABC-TV in New York.

Asked whether Mr. Clinton has
the “honesty and integrity” to be
president the poll of TOO voters
Found that 57 percent said “no”
while only 29 percent said “yes."
Even among Democrats. 51 per-
cent said he did not have the requi-
site honesty and integrity, and

among city voters the ttgure shivt
up to 62 percent.

The survey results indicated
greater damage to Mr. Ginton than
a national Washington Post-ABC
poll conducted about two weeks
ago. That poll found that a plurali-
ty of voters. 46 percent did not
believe that Mr. Clinton had
enough honesty and integrity,
while 41 percent said he did.

As part of a new strategy, de-
vised by his senior staff members
on Monday. Mr. Clinton will try to
schedule other events besides de-
bates that will make him appear
open to inquiry from voters, and
launch new television ads designed
to give positive information about
his background and record as gov-
ernor.

“He’s got to give a more com-
See CLINTON, Page 3

The Chaos in Zaire;
Nothing’s Working

By Keith B. Richburg

Washington Pott Serrice

KINSHASA, Zaire — There’s not much left of the General Motors
assembly plant here. Last fall, three waves of looters picked H clean.

The first wave, a Zairian military unit based at the nearby airport, stole
all the plant's vehicles. Asecondwaveof rioters took all the assembly-line
equipment and everything else that wasn't welded down. There wasn’t
much lef t fra the third wave of looters, so they took the walls and the :roof
The devartaxed plant, part of a row of newly abandoned factories on
the route into Kinshasa from the aitport, stands as a compelling meta-
phor for the hollow shell that is now Zaire’s economy. Po ten (tally one of
the richest countries in Africa — a country with enough arable land and
hydroelectric potential to feed and power the attire continent — Zaire
has been stripped bare and left to wither.

It is diffi cult to exaggerate the extoit of the economic crisis here, a
crisis brought on over years by mismanagement, neglect and monumental
official corrup tion. Diplomats and other observers attribute the chaos
largely to the policies of one «ian. President Mobutu Sese Seko, and to
Mr. Mobutu’s foreign hackers and aid donors who overlooked his
excesses because he was seen as a valuable Western ally on an unstable
continent. _

The crisis was made worse by riotmgin September that was touebedoff
by army troops who bad not been paid in m o n t h s. The riots sparked a
mass exodus of the country’s expatriate community —a vital cog in the
economy ■ — and Traced the Hosin g of countless businesses that were then
looted or wrecked by a hungry, frustrated populace.

In tbe capital now, the cost of food is oat of reach of most Zairians, so
man y eat just one steal a day. In large families, some parents can afford to
feed their children only on alternate days.

Western aid workers say they woe seeing an increase in malnutrition
cases particularly among children, almost ensuring mad equate develop-
meat. ’

People are not quite starving because they can Gil up on widely
av aila ble cassava root, a starchy staple hoe is Hying times. But while
fifiing cassava has little nutritional value, and the plumpness of some

See ZAIRE, Page 2

Bhkr SefiyReam

SMILES OF THE WINNERS —Jodie Foster and Anflwny
Hopkins with their Oscars for best actress and best actor in
‘The Silence of tbe Lambs,” winch also won awards for best
picture, best director and best adapted screenplay. Page 21

Kiosk

Cresson Meets With Mitterrand

PARIS (Reuters) — France waited on Tuesday for President
Francois Mitterrand to announce a decision over the future of his
unpopular prime minis ter. Edith Cresson. Mrs. Cresson, 58. met the
president for the third time in three days, and tbe TF1 television
station said she had tendered her resignation.

Finance Minister Pierre Bferegovoy, 66, was a favorite to replace
Mrs. Cresson, who has been widely blamed for tbe ruling Socialist
Party’s disastrous collapse in regional elections. Mr. Btregovoy also
had an bourlong meeting with Mr. Mitterrand but said it was just
their weekly economic briefing.

Mrs. Cresson left her meeting with the president after 45 minutes
without comment and later flew to Germany to speak at the
Hannover trade fair.

Court Refuses to Grant Tyson Bail

INDIANAPOLIS (Reuters) — An appeals court on Tuesday
refused to release tbe boxer Mike Tyson from jail on baQ while his
lawyers challenge his rape conviction.

A three-judge panel of the Indiana State Court of .Appeals had
been considering, the matter since midday Monday, when it received
documents relating to the case.

Earlier article. Page 21

General News

Messiah issue: Israeli sect's po-
litical clout depends on prom-
ised appearance. Page 5.

Stage /Entertainment

Mike Zmrfa reviews Lhe tales
of two Bruces: Tbe new ones of
Springsteen and the old ones of
Lenny. Page 13.

Weaker Page 2.

Special Report

Germany has been thrust onto
center stage in Europe, but it is
unsure of its role. Pages 7-12.

The Dollar

In New Vafk

DM

1.643

Pound

1.7365

Yen

132.75

FF

5.571

Quits Aj

By Stephen Kinzer

New York Tima Semce

BONN — Gerhard Stoltenberg.
Germany’s defense minister, re-
signed Tuesday following the scan-
dal over illegal aims shipments to
Turkey.

His senior aide, Ottfreid Hennig.
also resigned.

The minister is a longtime friend
and ally of ChanceDor Helmut
KohL At a news conference. Mr.
Kohl said he respected Mr. Stolten-
berg's derision to quit, but had not
forced it

Mr. Kohl said that the new de-
fense minister would be Volker
Rube. 49. now chairman of the rul-
ing Christian Democratic Union.
An outspoken and ambitious fig-
ure, he is considered a possible fu-
ture chancellor.

Mr. Stoltenberg said he feared
that if he remained in office, his
presence would harm the Christian
Democrats, who face important
elections Sunday in the provinces
of Schleswig-Holstein and Badec-
Wumemburg. But Lhe scandal has
already inflicted damage by harm-
ing the public image of both the
party and the Kohl govemmenL

Only a few years ago. Mr. Siol-
lenberg. 63. was himself bring
mentioned as a potential chancel-

lor. He is one of several prominent
Christian Democrats whose careers
have been unexpectedly cut short
by scandal or political conflict.

The weapons shipments that led
to Mr. Sioltenberg’s resignation
came to light last week, when Turk-
ish forces attacked strongholds of
the rebel Kurdish Workers’ Parly.
Witnesses reported that some tanks
used in the attacks were German,
and the Defense Ministry in Bonn
acknowledged they had been
shipped illegally.

The parliamentary budget com-
mittee voted in November to hall
all arms experts to Turkey on hu-
man rights grounds, and senior of-
ficials in the ministry promised to
observe the ban. Nonetheless, at
ieast 15 German-made Leopard
tanks were subsequently shipped.

When the illegal shipments first
came to light, Kir. Stoltenberg said
they had been ordered by officials
in his ministry without his knowl-
edge. On Monday, he fired one of
his senior aides. Wolfgang RupperL

The firing, however, only intensi-
fied pressure on Mr. Stoltenberg.
Critics asserted that whether or not
he had known of the shipments, he
bore responsibility for them.

Il was the second scandal to con-

S*> RESIGN, Page 2

From Hamburg , Toronto and Madras, an Improbable Guide for North Pole Trips

By Clyde H. Farnsworth

Sew York Times Semce

RESOLUTE Northwest Territories — Tie
Japanese have tried it with motorcycles, the
Norwegians with snowmobiles, the Swiss with
mountain bikes, the Frendi with packhorses
from Quebec,

Each March, as the sin begins wanning
northern latitudes after three and a half months

Of riarVnxx. thoughts tOTU 10 OOC of the last

great chaDoges, a trek to the Noth Pole.
Many of the plans are laid around a big

kitchen table over innumerable cups erf coffee
in a prefabricated vinyl-sided house in this
hamlet of 200, mostly Eskimos. Resolute is
closer to Siberia than to Montreal.

Improbably, the owner of the boose, who has
bcenm Canada’s north fra the last 13 years, is
from near the Equator. He is Bezal Jesudason,
51, a former mechanical engineer from Madras,
India, who has learned Inukthm, the Esk im o
tangiwgft He hunts seal and caribou with his
Eskimo friends, and runs both a little inn here
and an enterprise called High Arctic Interna-
tional Explorer Services.

“This is home for me now, and I love h,” he
said.

He came to the far north via Hamburg, where
he got his engineering degree, and Toronto.
Thane, after working for a Caterpillar Tractor
dealership, he joined the Department of North-
ern Affaire and was appointed maintenance
supervisor at Frobisher Bay, now Iqahiit, on
Baffin Island.

The department ported him farther and far-
ther north, until in Resolute, after meeting his
wife, Terry, a school teacher from British Co -

•/

i

lumbia working in the high .Arctic, he quit to go
into private business.

High Arctic Internationa] outfits polar expe-
ditions, like the latest one. by Nil Bohigas. 33.
of Barcelona, who is trying to ski solo to the
pole. He is an Olympic skier, whose back-
ground includes an' ascent without oxygen to
tbe 29.000-foot (8,829-mctcrj summit of Mount
Everest. While on Everest, he paraglided from
24.000 feet to the base camp at 5.000 feet in 1 1
minutes, a trip that takes less intrepid moun-
taineers three days.

“Ihere are seme people who like to punch a

time clock.” Mr. Bohigas said on the eve of
departure earlier this month at the Jesudasons'
kitchen table. *Tve always dreamed of doing
something different.”

His preparation included study of the experi-
ences of Jean-Louis Etienne a French doctor
who in 1986 became the first person to ski solo
to the pole Mr. Bohigas said he wanted to be
the first Spaniard to do it.

Mr. Jesudason, who runs the high Arctic
outfitting business with his wife said that since
1979 they had helped prepare 20 overland expe-
ditions. of winch 16 succeeded in reaching the

pole. He charges nearly S 10.000 per person for
an eight-day tour that includes a trip to the
pole

”1 know it might sound stupid or crazy ~ he
said, “but it’s nice that people have dreams to
go to the poie. If people didn't dream, we would
never have had the Taj Mahal.”

People go to the North Foie, which is not on
land like the South Poie but on a moving sheet
of ice. just to marvel. Mr. Jesudason said. Some
take champagne, drive golf balls, dance like
children around the time zones of the world, or
even dress as Santa Claus.

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Page 2

Quarrel Over Fleet
Steeped in History

A f New Crimean ffar’ Looms

Over Russia-lJkraine Dispute

By Celestine Bohlen

New York Tuna Service

SEVASTOPOL, Ukraine — Tbe
uarrel between Russia and
Ukraine over the Black Sea Fleet is
not jusi about the great gray war-
ships in this city’s narrow harbor
that, orphanlike, still fly the red
hammer- and -sickle of the former

Soviet Union.

As most Russians and Ukraini-
ans are quick to point out. the Tight
now testing the survival of the
Commonwealth of Independent
States has deeper historical roots.
In many ways, it is really about the
Crimean Pe nins ula itself, which is
now poised for a referendum on its
independence from Ukraine, and
about Sevastopol, a navy town of
faded elegance that dates to the
reign of Catherine the Great.

Ukraine's claim to the fleet is
territorial: The Crimea has been
oart of Ukraine since 1954, when
the Soviet leader. Nikita S. Khru-
shchev, removed it from the juris-
diction of the Russian Republic
and handed it over to Kiev, partly
as a matter of administrative con-

venience.

Russia's claim is historical and.
for many of the Russians who live
here and make up 70 percent of the
city's population of 400,000. it is

Sevastopol is
where the Russian
empire realized
its dream of a
southern port

still deeply emotional Sevastopol
is where the Russian empire finally
realized its dream of a southern
port, while the Black Sea Fleet, led
by a series of distinguished Russian
admirals, became the agent of that
key military objective.

lies die naT^^^rueafwfth its
st unnin g coastline, the resort city
of Yalta, and other places beloved
by Russian writers from Pushkin to
Chekhov and by government lead-
ers from Nicholas II to Mikhail S.
Gorbacb :v.

As lor g as the Soviet Union ex-
isted. Russian mounting for the
Crimea was muted. Even now, the
Russian government has refrained
from s taking any overt claims u>
the p eninsula, although (here have
been rumblings from some of the
more nation aUst-minded deputies
in parliament.

But the Russian president, Boris
N. Yeltsin, with the Unified Com-
mand of the Commonwealth
Armed Forces, has insisted that
most of the Black Sea Fleet be
considered an integral part of the
Commonwealth's strategic forces,
with control held in Moscow.

In Kiev, pressure continues to
mount for control of virtually the
entire fleet, or at least that part
based on Ukrainian territory. Ac-
cording to figures cited recently in
the Russian news media, the Black
Sea Fleet, smallest of the four prin-
cipal fleets that made up the Soviet
Navy, has 3 aircraft carriers. 6 mis-
sile cruisers. 30 submarines, 235
combat planes and helicopters, and
scores of support ships. Official fig-
ures are still classified.

Ukraine fust put the issue of the
fleet to the test in January with an
order that its officers and sailors
join in a loyalty oath to the new and
independent Ukrainian stale. The
fleets commander, Admiral Ivan
Kasatonov, later retaliated by ad-
ministering oaths of loyalty to the
Commonwealth.

The tug-of-war over loyally
oaths has continued, although both
tides agree that the outcome is
largely meaningless. Ultimately,
the fate of the fleet is inexorably
tied to the fate or the Common-
wealth, a political conundrum that
no one seems able to solve in the
race of the rapid unraveling along
national lines.

Andrei L. Lazebnikov, chief of
the fleet's press center, noting that
9 1 percent of the fleet's officers and
sailors had sworn allegiance to the
Commonwealth, accused Ukraini-
an officers of waging an under-
ground campaign to win sailors
over to Kiev's side. He said about
10 Ukrainian officers had been de-
moted as a result of such activity.

“We are not against a Ukrainian
oath, or a Ukrainian fleet." he said.
“It can be resolved, but in a civi-
lized manner. On one military ob-
jective, on one ship, you cannot
have one crew, with one half swear-

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ing loyalty here, the other half
there”

Sailors and officers say the con-
test for their loyalties has sapped
morale, pitting Ukrainians against
Russians in ways that no one was
prepared for.

“We don't light, but we argue,
said a 20-year-old senior sailor
from Moscow, who was taking a
walk through town with a Ukraini-
an shipmate.

Two other servicemen, swelter-
ing in their heavy wool coals on a
warm spring day as the) - stopped at
a cafe, confirmed the split along
national lines.

“The fleei is Ukrainian.” said an
18-year-old sailor from western
Ukraine. “It should be Ukrainian
and it will be.”

His friend, a 19-year-old Russian
from Volgograd, disagreed. “It
should be a common fleet, as it
was." he said. “Let it stay that
way."

For many career navy officers,
from Admiral Kasatonov on down,
the most dreaded solution, and the
most likely one, is a division of the
fleet

But in the meantime, negotia-
tions between military experts over
dividing the fleet have come to a
dead end. The issue was not even
discussed at the recent meeting of
beads of the Commonwealth's 11
member states in Kiev, where many
had hoped for a lop-level decision
on what most agree has become a
political issue .

Ukrainian officers trace the
stalemate to Russia, which they see
as promoting its own interests, un-
der the camouflage of the Com-
monwealth. The map on the wall at
the fleet's press center would seem
to bear out the Ukrainians' suspi-
cions that Russians, who make up a
majority of the officer corps, are
not reconciled to a Ukrainian Cri-
mea. On the large pink expanse of
what was once the Soviet Union,
someone penciled in the borders of
the new Ukrainian state — leaving
out the Crimea.

Indecision oveT the future of the
fleet has cast a shadow over Sevas-

Audit Camtn/ Realm

STA RRENG ROLE IN THE CAMPAIGN — Glenda Jackson, who is running for Parframent as a Labor Party caiididate,cliatting
with an eklerty voter. The actress is trying to win the Conservative-held London seat of Hampstead and Higbg&te in the April 9 vote.

Sinn Fein Strives to Keep Political Role

By James F. Clarity

iVot York Tima Service

BELFAST. Northern Ireland — Sinn Fein,
the civilian wing of the Irish Republican
Army, is struggling in the British parliamen-
tary election to maintain credibility as a polit-
ical force in Northern Ireland.

The campaign refocuses attention on the
personal background of Gerry Adams, presi-
dent of Sinn Fein, and his No. 2. Marlin
McGuinness, both of whom are r unning for
Parliament.

It also raises other basic questions: How
close is Sinn Fein to the IRA? Could it
actually broker a cease-fire or peace talks
between Britain and the IRA? How rigid is
the Sinn Fein-IRA demand of “Brits out,” a

Hie party is contesting 14 of the 17 pariia-
men taiy sears allotted to this British province
of 950,000 Protestants and 650,000 Catholics.

in the last national parliamentary election.

the party won9 percent of the vote in North-
Irelai

era

land. This would seem to make it a
able factor in the politics of the prov-
ince, but its identification with the IRA en-
hances its importance.

terrorist, from entering other parts of Britain.
He became active in Sinn Fein in the early
1980s. In an interview in Londonderry, he
declined to discuss his IRA past, but be said
that there was a contradiction in the British
policy of refusing to talk to Sinn Fein until it
denounces IRA violence.

policy denoimced by the Protestant majority

and man y Catholics in Northern

.Announcing Sinn Fein's election program
at a news conference here Monday, Mr. Ad-
ams emphasized that the party preferred a
peaceful solution to the troubles, as the 23
years of conflict over Irish nationalism are
known, but he declined a gain to denounce
ERA violence.

Sinn Fein. Gaelic for Ourselves -Alone, is
seeking to increase its share of the general
vote and to hold onto the one seat it controls,
that of Mr. Adams in West BelfasL

Many people here say that if there is ever to
be peace in Ulster, ending the violence that
has killed nearly 3,000 people, the British
government will have to agree to talk to
representatives or the IRA. Sinn Fein casts
itself unmistakab ly as eager for that role. But
the British will not talk to Sun Fein until it
denounces the violence of the predominantly
Catholic IRA, which is responsible for the
deaths of some 1,600 people, including about
800 civilians.

Many people fear that if Britain withdrew
the 10,000 troops and 6,000 reserves posted in
Ulster province, a bloodbath would follow as
the frotestani-dominaied police and para-
military forces would overwhelm the ERA,
which has an estimated 400 active guerrillas.

Mr. McGuinness was an IRA military
chief in the 1970s and is now banned, as a

“We want all violence to end,” Mr.
McGuinness said. Bnt asked if he would
condemn IRA violence, he said: “I will never
doit in a milli on years. I would not condemn
than, the people who offer resistance to Brit-
ish violence.”

Over the weekend, after an IRA mortar
attack in the town of Newry killed a police
officer and blew the legs off ha colleague,
there was no comment from Sinn Fein. Such
deaths are considered by the ERA and its
supporters to be a justifiable part erf their
armed struggle.

Mr. Adams, who was a West Belfast bar-
tender, was interned by the British for less
than a year in 1971 as an IRA operative.
British security officials say theybeheve that
he has dose contacts with the IRA mffitaty
command if he is not actually a member of it.

Mr. Adams is expected to win his seat at
Westminster, but not to go to London to take
it

topol with its old-fashioned down-
town, classical colonnades, and
hilly, tree-lined streets kept clean
by brigades of sailors whose smart
black uniforms help give the city its
spifly look.

The city is still dosed lo foreign-
ers and even nonresidents, except
those granted special permission by
Kiev, in accordance with local mili-
tary authorities. City officials say it

Iraq Steps Up Attacks Against Kurds

wil] be opened soon, but only after
tiie resolutic

resolution of a severe water
shortage that now limits usage to
three hours a day.

Earlier this year, Sevastopol
found itself short of funds, with-
held by the Ukrainian parliament
due to uncertainty' over (he fleet,
said Mayor Ivan F. Yermakov. The
subsidies were later restored but
Mr. Yermakov said “As long as the
issue of the fleet is unresolved ten-
sions remain in the city ”

To the outrage of some residents,
the Ukrainian government recently
resurrected Sevastopol's special
status as a city ruled directly by
Kiev, as it was by Moscow under
Catherine the Great and in the ear-
ly Soviet era. Mr. Yermakov was
named special representative to the
Ukrainian president, Leonid M.
Kravchuk, making the mayor an-
swerable to Kiev, not to the local
City Council or the regional Crimea
an government in Simferopol.

These moves were protested last
week by a small group of demon-
strators carrying banners that de-
clared Sevastopol to be a “City of
the Crimea, not a suburb of Kiev."
The Republican Movement of Cri-
mea. which led the drive for next
month’s referendum on Crimean
independence, asserts that Mr.
Kravchuk's aim is to divide Sevas-
topol from the rest of the Crimea,
as a way of insuring his claim to the
Black Sea Fleet.

As in Sevastopol a large swath
of territory that makes up 10 per-
cent of the peninsula, ethnic Rus-
sians are the majority in the Cri-
mea. In recent years, the region's
ethnic mosaic has been made even
more intricate by the return of
some 166,000 Crimean Tatars to
their homeland after decades spen t
in Central Asia wtaere they bad
been deponed bv Stalin after
World War II. '

Like the loyalty oaths, the refer-
endum is not likely so resolve any-
thing Ukraine is sure not to let the
Crimea, which has the status of an
autonomous region, break a wav
entirely.

By Chris Hedges

New York Tuna Service

ASKI KALAK. Iraq — In ap-
parent violation of the cease-fire
agreement signed after the Gulf
War, Iraqi military forces are shell-
ing and shooting at thousands of
Kurdish civilians along their front
lines.

The attacks, against about a doz-
en small villages and towns along
the Great Zab River, have forced
the entire population of 40,000
people to flee their homes since last
Wednesday, according to the Unit-
ed Nations Higb Commissioner for
Refugees.

“The Iraqis have always lobbed a
few mortar rounds now and then
towards the Kurds.” a UN official
said, “but since last Wednesday
they have been dropping up to 300
heavy artillery shells a day in the
area. It is quite a dramatic in-
crease.”

On the road leading from (he
Aski Kalak bridge, on the front
line, to the city of Erbfl, dozens of
families, piled onto farm carts
hauled behind tractors and old
pick-up trucks, streamed north to-
ward the city. Women and chil-
dren. staring vacantly out across
the fields, covered with a thin layer
of new spring grass, clutched bur-
lap bags with a few possessions.
Some cars had large, ungainly
pieces of furniture lashed to the
sides.

The occasional burst of a 155mm
shell shook the ground and sent a
thick plume of white and black
smoke skyward. With each blast,
the windows and doors in the
houses along the road rattled and
shock.

.Allied forces set up a security
zone after an abortive Kurdish up-
rising after (he Gulf War. It was

created to convince 1-5 million ref-
ugees in Iran and Turkey that they
could return heme, and it roughly
corresponds to Iraq’s 36th parallel
The 15.000 allied troops that
moved into the enclave last spring
have been withdrawn, but the allies
maintain a small nrihtaiy monitor-
ing team in the town of Zakbo, and
their warplanes make daily flights
over the area from Inoriik, Turkey.

The zone does not extend as far
west as Aski Kalak. but Iraqi au-
thorities must respect the rights of
Kurdish civilians under agreements
based on UN Security Council
Resolution 688 that were worked
out by UN officials in Baghdad
after the war. Hie shelling is seen
by many UN officials in northern
Iraq as a violation of the cease-fire
agreement.

While Iraqi Kurds struggle to
defend their autonomous zone in
the north, Turkish Kurds have been

ZAIRE; A Country Stripped Bare and Left to Wither

(Continued from page 1)

local residents belie their poor nu-
trition.

The capital's state-run hospitals
are closed, and the patients have
been sent home. Officially, this is
because the doctors are on strike
over their minuscule pay. but they
say it would not matter if they
worked, since they have no medical
equipment and no medicines.

Schools are closed because the
teachers are on strike, from prima-
ry school through university leveL

The public sen-ice sector, by and
large, has ceased to function. There
is a government, there are ministers
and there even is an official budget,
but there is an air of fantasy about
it all. since the tax collection system
has broken down and virtually no
customs revenues are coming in.
For the most part, the government
has taken to paying its bills by
printing fresh batches of currency.

According to foreign diplomats
and Zairian opposition figures,
bank notes in the local currency,
the Zaire, are being printed in Ger-
many and flown to Kinshasa's
Ndjfli Airport. There, the plane is

met by a helicopter that loads up
with the new money and whisks it
immediately to a yacht on the Zaire
River that is the floating refuge of
Mr. Mobutu. He has thus become a
one-man central bank, dispensing
cash as he sees fit — and that
means making sure he meets the
monthly payroll of key military
units that ensure his grip on power.

The country's official banking
system has all but collapsed. Cus-
tomers are limited to withdrawals
of about 100.000 Zaires each day:
rampaging inflation has reduced
the value of this to the equivalent of
about 75 cents.

“There is no economy left, at
least nothing formal” a European
diplomat said. “The production
figure is so low it's terrible. There is
□o money in the banks; there's no
money left. Nothing is working —
no hospitals, no schools, no public
service."

When asked how long this could
last, the diplomat shrugged his
ihoulders and suggested that the
country should have collapsed long
ago. The situation defies logic and.
therefore, prediction, he said.

The city's telephone system has
nearly shut down, so those who can
afford it rely on portable satellite

telephones that cost 52^00 locally
ana J

S6 a minute of transmission
time. Safe drinking water is expect-
ed to become a problem next week,
as the government has no hard cur-
rency to buy chemicals for water
purification and the current supply
has nearly run out. The electrical
system, too, is apparently on its last
legs since the government cannot
afford spare parts, and most of the
expatriate technicians who main-
tained the system have left.

One oasis of normality is the
Kinshasa Intercontinental Hotel
where the city's few visitors can still
dine in a posh restaurant and listen
to the latest French and American
music at the upstairs disco.

Since the rioting in September,
most international airlines avoid
Kinshasa's airport, once a commer-
cial hub for Centra] Africa. Inter-
national flights now land across the
river in Conga ostensibly because
Lloyd’s of London insurers have
dramatically increased the rates for
any planes landing at Kinshasa.

RESIGN; Stoltenberg Quits Bonn Defense Post

UNIVERSITY DEGREE

BMK&0KS • MASTERS • DOCTORATE

Far Wtrk. Life nd tadtras
Ejcwnm ■ He Chssmon
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(Continued from page 1)

front Mr. Stoltenberg in recent
months. He was strongly criticized
in December after it was revealed
that his ministry was surreptitious-
ly sending anus to Israel in con-
tainers marked as containing agri-
cultural equipment. Replying to
the criticism, he said he had known
nothing of the shipments.

dials that he was responsible for
illegal arms shipments to Turkey.

"But to a great degree." he ac-
knowledged. “the public judgment
and perception was otherwise."

The affair could have especially
serious consequences in Schleswig-
Holstein. Mr. Hennig, the top aide
who resigned, is its Christian Dem-
ocratic candidate for premier. So-
cial Democrats in Schieswig-Hol-

“ He is clearly not in control any ~«uu«rais in acmeswig-noi-

raore." said Hans-Ulrich Klose, s * em *' ave already introduced the
leader of the Soria] Democratic mi- into the campaign, circu-

nority in parliament. At Mr.
Klose's request, parliament sched-
uled a special session for Thursday
at which Mr. Sid Leu berg’s policies
were to be debated.

Newspapers of various persua-
sions had called for Mr. stolten-
beig’s resignation. The country's
largest-rirculation daily. BUd, car-
ried a front-page headline asking
“Has the Minister No HonorT

In his resignation statement. Mr.
Stoltenberg reiterated previous de-

‘Hennii

lating leaflets headlined.

Is an .Arms Trafficker."

German relations with Turkey
are especially sensitive. Both coun-
tries are NATO members, and as
such they are officially allies. But
Germany has unofficially blocked
Turkey's entrance into the Europe-
an Community, and German lead-
ers periodically condemn the An-
kara government for human rights
abuses.

Relations worsened dramaticallv

over the weekend. President Tu/gui
Ozal compared the Bonn govern-
ment to that of Hitler, and newspa-
pers in Ankara and Istanbul called
for boycotts of German-made
products. Turkey's education and
culture ministers canceled planned
visits to Germany.

German criticism of Turkey has
also put it at odds with the United
States. While Germany considers
attacks on the Kunfisb Workers'
Party to be a violation of minority
rights. .American officials have
sanctioned the attacks and de-
nounced the party as a terrorist
organization. The United States

Arabs Still Reject
Israel Phone Ties

Reuters

NICOSIA — Arab states say
they are still banning telephone
contacts with Israel and some have
taken steps to cut off the direct-dial
service that Israel introduced last
week through thud countries.

Israel’s largely state-owned Be-
zek telephone company on Thure-
day opened up direct dialing to 1]
Arab countries that do not have
relations with Israel. Except for
Egypt, which signed a peace treaty
with land in 1979, there are no
direct lines between Israel ami the

has also repot^y supplied Tur- Arab^HiuiiSiTtoSS
keywyh satellite photos that have up automatic connections through
helped military officers pinpoint •

the location of Kurdish enclaves.

Mr. Rune is considered an expert
on foreign and security policy. He
is fluent in English and travels reg-
ularly to Washington, where he has
a network of political ties.

companies abroad.

“Four separate companies in for*
eign countries are involved in com-
pleting the connections,” said an
Israeli Communications Ministr y
spokesman. He refused to identify
them.

cCc;:.. -is

Canadians
Apologize
On Jet Data

By John Cushman Jr.

New York Thna Service

WASHINGTON — Cana-
dian offi cials have apologized
for suggesting that the crash of
USAir Flight 405 in New York
last week might have been
averted if federal aviation au-
thorities had read a Canadian
report concerning icing an the
type of jet that crashed.

A Canadia n official said
that the authorities in the
United States had not seen the
report becanse the Canadians
bad neglected to said it

In a letter to the Federal
Aviation Administration, the
(Canadian commission investi-
gating the crash of a jet three
years ago in Dryden, Ontario,
acknowledged that the com-
mission had never sent its in-
terim report to other agencies,
although it is standard prac-
tice to do so.

The Ontario crash involved
a Fokker 28, the same kind of
jet that crashed at La Guanfia
Airport last week, and both
planes took off in freezing,
snowy weather after they were
de-iced. Although the cause of
the La Guardia crash has not
been officially determined, ic-
ing of the plane’s wings is the
leading theory.

U.S. officials said it should
not have been expected that
they had studied the Canadian
recommendations, because the
report had not been officially
sent lo them.

A spokesman fa* the Air
Line Pilots Association, the
union representing U.S. pilots,
said a union safety expert had
obtained a copy of the repent
from a colleague.

But Patricia Goldman, a
spokeswoman for USAir, said
it appeared that no senior safe-
ty officials at the airline had
received the report from the
Canadians.

WORLD BRIEFS

Russia Assures U.S. on Atomic Arms

BRUSSELS (Reuters) — Russia assured the United States on Tuesday
tha t a transfer of tactical nuclear weapons to Russia from other Coo.
m on wealth republics would be completed by July 1, despite apparent
Ukrainian opposition.

Deputy Defense Minister Pavel Grachev said he made the promise to
Defense Secretary Dick Cbeoey at a meeting on the eve of an East-Wfet
gathering of defense mimsteis. , , . . „

Mr. Grachov said he also loU Mr. Cheney that hundreds of waihejjj

now in Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan as weQ as those in Rusaa wodd
be stored carefully until they could be destroyed Ukraine has suspended-
the transfer of its weapons back to Russia, saying it had no guarantees
that they would be destroyed.

Thai Parties Back Accused Politician

m a _

expressed their

BANGKOK (Reuters) — The two ^

coalition trying to form a government m , — — «

support Tuesday for the prime minister-designate, a man once denied a
UJS. visa because of drug-trafficking suspicions.

“Our party considers this controversy dosed,” said a spokesman for
tile gamaHthi Tham party, whose leader, Narong Wongwan, has b ecu'
nominated to be Thailand’s 19th prime minister by afiye-party pn>.
mflitary coalition. The No. 2 coalition partner. Chart Thai, also sad a

would kick by Mr. Narong.
forma Irlrfii

The gwirwifrhi Tham spokesman said the issue had been dosed
Monday, when the US. State Department spokeswoman, Maigai* D.
Tutwiler, said that the United States was unHkdy to document its case,
against Mr. Narong pubficly. The spokesman said the UJS. report
“showed that the U.S. does not have any evidence to substantiate its 1
charges against Mr. Narong”

Bosnians Discuss Regional Carve-Up

BRUSSELS (AFP) — Leaders of the three rival ethnic groups of the
Yugoslav republic of Bosnia-Hexzegovma began a second day of

here Tuesday on proposals to divide the republic into a patchwork of
ethnic cantons.

Diplomats said that the local Serbian leader, Radovan Karadzic, was'
least critical of tire proposals, which were accepted in principle by die
three groups earlier this month.

The Croatian leader, Miljenko Bride, said Me

could not be carved up into districts purely akn: w .

economic and historical factors had to be considered as wdL The Bagman
ideal Ahja Izetbegovic, representing Muslims, tot* a similar fine,
i men called on the Serb-controlled militaiy to return to barracks.

3 Beaten at U.S. Embassy in China

BEUING (Reuters) — At least three j
by Chinese miti tinmen outside the gates of the UR. Embassy ml
according to an embassy spokeswoman who said the matter had
taken np with Chinese authorities. China’s Foreign Ministry had do

immediate mmrnwit

In the most brutal incident, a Chinese man was knocked to the ground,
and kicked in the head until ire bkd profusely, a witness said.

It was not clear whether the victims were dissidents seeking visas for
the United States among the hundreds of applicants who line up outride
the embassy evety day. tne spokeswoman could not say when me attacks
took place, or give other details.

Mubarak Criticizes Fundamentalism

battling government troops to cre-
ate a similar independent enclave
in Ttidrey.

On Monday, Turkish warplanes
struck four Kurdish villages in
northern Iraq, wounding at least
two people. The air strike; the fifth
this month, was aimed at Turkish
rebel bases along the border, the
Turkish authorities said.

There are also 1,000 internation-
al and UN personnel in the north,
including 500 lightly armed UN
guards, to help deter an Iraqi at-
tack.

The failure of the allied forces to
respond to the recent attacks has
worried many Kurdish and West-
ern officials, who say that unless a
stern reprimand, threatening the
use of force, is given to Baghdad it
will continue to harass civilians hv-
ing near the from lines and seize
Kuretish- held territory.

CAIRO (Reuters) — President Hosni Mubarak, in ins most opm
■tiarff yet on Muslim f undamen talism, has denounced people who use
religious extremism and intellectual terrorism for “cheap political gains.”-
In a speech on the holiday of Lailat al Qadr, when Muslims eddme'
the revelation of the Koran to the prophet Mohammed, he said: ’They!
are not even alarmed when their float trade tarnishes the image of
Muslims and weakens the status of the Muslim nation before the wodd."

Unusually, the audience interrupted Mr. Mubarak only once to ap-.
pknd and listened closely as be read the carefully worded address which
did not mention any country or reiigioas group by name.

For the Record

Jamaica’s sixth prime minister, P J. Patterson, has been sworn in and
has said he will uphold economic austerity policies. (Af)

TRAVEL UPDATE

Strikes by Paris tranqurt workers caused disngrtioiu Tuesday on Line
1 of the Mfctro and Line A of the RER, the regional commuter express
railroad. The one-day strike was called to protest the opening Wednesday
of extensions of line 1 to the modem business district at La Offense and
of Line A to Chessy-MarneLa-Vallde, according a spokesman far the
Paris rapid transit authority. Tire Chessy, or Torcy, terminal will sewe the
Euro Disneyland theme park, which is scheduled to open April 12 Trade
union officials have called for another strike cm that day. (IHT)
Japanese railroad workers began a 48-how strike TXiesdav in southern
and western Japan, affecting about 1 million travelers. Tne strike was

was the first since Japan N^raa/^flways, witlTil^277,0G0 workers,
went private in April 1987, dividing into seven companies- (AP)
Japan Air lines ffight crews hate threatened to strike in a pay dispute, a
union official said Tuesday. “We have expressed our intention lagoon
strike,” the JAL Flight Grew Union official said. A final dedrion mil
depend on tire state of negotiations in imd-ApriL (Reuters)

The Weather

North America

Blustery, ctiffly weather wfll
pojcfomtrrato from the

Great Lates to the north-
ern Atlantic ' Seaboard
Thursday Into the week-
end. It may ram or snow
briefly. There u/ffl be more
sunsntoe than douds tram
Los Angelos to Snaffle and
Vancouver.

Europe

A storm over wtt

brtng heavy rafn from east-
ern Spain fig Italy lass thfes
week and into the week-
end. This rain wM be wel-
come, as the winter
months ware drier than
normal. London and Paris
wtB remain chflty wfth a
stray shower or two.

Asia

MU, mainly Ay we at her Is
slated Thomday and Friday
In Korea end Japan. Taipei
and Hong Kong wrii remain
cloudy «wth showery spela.
even heavy, thundery
downpours. SweBering
heat may spark htt-o unte
thunderstorms In Singapore

and Bangkok.

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CAMPAIGN BASICS / Edmund G . (Jerry) Brown Jr.

Hie Race .So Par

Deoiociatkgad^.niMiiigasapqjnlist.beat
the earfy odt&with a victory in Colondo and a
jecond jafaCC finish in Michig an. In a snrprisej
oarrowiy won Connecticut primary but faces
uphjfl fight in New York. Banking cm fnrthw
damaging revelations abcut Bill Clinton; has
faded questions about Mr. Qmtan’s financial
arrangements, environmental record and com-
mitment to racial harmony. Low-budget cam-
paign has tapped into anti-Washington protest
vote, union concerns over the recession and
pockets of strong environmentalism. Has 153
d elegates of 2,145 needed to nominate.

Profile

Age 53. Son of a fanner California governor.
Dropped out of Jesuit seminary to attend Uni-
versity of California at Berkeley, Yale Law
School. Labor and anti-war organizer in the
1960s. Served as California secretary of state
and two toms as California governor after
Ronald Reagan. Ran for president in 1976 and
1980.' California Democratic chairman last
year. Worked with Mother Teresa in India.
Studied Buddhism in Japan. Wears lapel rib-
bon to signify solidarity with AIDS victims.
-Vows to accept no campaign contribution of
more than $100. Running as a populist reform-
er who views Washington as a den of corrup-
tion faded by big money. R oman Cathoac.
Unmarried. Advertises his toll-free phone
number for contributors.

Verbatim

“The reason why I believe so many people
don’t vote anymore is because they don’t fed
that their vote wdl actually add any differenoe
to their lives. It’s just another empty ritual that
comes along and they don't want to take part.
And I think that's a very damning statement
about the state of politics. . . . The elite of this
cam try who have been able to control and tflt
the political system in their favor are now
presiding over a decline that they can’t change.
They can’t change it because their whole
thought process and their whole interpretation
of reality is not congruent with what America
really needs. . . . Progress doesn't happen be-
cause you have a collection of special interests
who. nave inordinate and disproportionate
power and influence. And you have that influ-
ence through money. Through the money that
they lobby with and that they pay for the
campaigns. . . . The money comes from less
than 1 percent of the people — those who got
ns in the mess. . . . Clinton just went up and
spent 200,000 bucks in the last four days in
Connecticut because he’s scared to death that
tire truth is craning out about him, about his
shoddy politics, about his playing golf in white-
only golf courses. I mean, this guy is walking on
eggshells, and the collapse is either going to
come this week or next week or when George
Bush takes the baloney of Bfl] Clinton «id
starts grinding whatever^ left of it.”

On the Issues

Economy: Favors eliminating the tax structure,
including Social Security tax and excise taxes.
Says to impose a 13 percent tax an an personal
income with deductibility for home mortgage
interest, rent and charitable contributions.
Also favors imposing a 1 3 percent value-added

tax on business transactions, including retail
sales — a national sales tax. Backs investing in
space exploration, bullet trains, commercial
shipbuilding. Wants to create 50 Urban Enter-
prise Zones where “generous" tax breaks will
attract businesses. Wants to shift defense re-
search and development efforts to civ ilian use.

TYade; Wants to condition favored-trade status
for China on human ri gh ts improvements. Op-
poses streamlined congressional approval pro-
cess for U.S.-Mexico free trade agreement, say-
ing the United States is expor tin g jobs to
Mexico. Work through the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade to keep tariffs low.

Social Policy: Favors “single-payer” national
health system, similar to Canada’s, and elimi-
nation of private insurers. Opposes death pen-
ally. Favors abortion rights. Wants to Hntit
congressional terms. Would provide vouchers
to businesses to give jobs to welfare recipients.
Wants national education standards but would
abolish Department of Education. Wants com-
puters made available to all students. Would
equalize spec ding among school districts.

MBitary and Foreign Affairs: Would cut mih-
taxy budget by half, $150 billion, over five
years. Wants to end B-2 bomber program.
Would retain 1 ,000 troops in Europe and invite
1,000 European troops to the United States.
Would admit Haitian refugees. Favors cutting
aims sales abroad, especially in the MideasL

Energy and Environment: Has a strong envi-
ronmental record in Calif ornia. Favors global
wanning accord. Would create a Civilian Con-
servation Corps to create jobs and improve
land reclamation Wants massive program to
nuirn buddings and businesses cnergy-effi-
aenL Seeks to end reliance on nuclear energy.
Opposes offshore afl H rifling . Backs increasing
wetlands protection. Seeks stronger fuel effi-
ciency for cars.

Compiled by Paul F. fforvitz

LIBYA: UN Council Votes for Air and Arms Sanctions

(Continued from page 1)

mg, said the issue the council faced
was whether “the international
community is prepared to back up
its own words with actions and
demonstrate that it wfll protect it-
self against a state that engages in
terrorism.”

France’s representative, Jean-
Bernard Merimee, said that by af-
fecting Libya’s armaments, avia-
tion and diplomatic personnel, the

sanctions would directly hurt three
of the instruments it uses to sup-
port international terrorism.

But he inchested that the council
would relax the air traffic ban
against Tripoli to allow Libyan pil-
grims to visit Mecca.

Britain's representative. Sir Da-
vid Hannay, stressed “the very
great importance" London atta-
ches to Libya providing concrete
evidence that it has renounced ter-
rorism.

Specifics on Sanctions

7he Associated Press

UNITED NATIONS, New York —Among the sanctions that the
Security Council could impose cm Libya: an air embargo, a ban an
weapons trade and a reduction of Libyan diplomatic personnel.

The resolution says aD stales shall take the following steps until
Libya turns over suspects in the bombings of Pan Am Flight 103 and
UTA Flight 772:

• AIR EMBARGO: AD nations must prohibit aircraft from using

fhwr territory or airspace on the way to or from Libya, unless a craft
carries humanitarian supplies approved by a UN committee. All
stales also must prohibit the supply of aircraft or aircraft compo-
nents to Libya. .

• ARMS EMBARGO: AD states must prohibit providing Libya
with weapons, ammunition and military equipment of any type.
TTffiy must also withhold military technical advice and training, and
withdraw any officials or agents now in Libya for those purposes.

• DIPLOMATIC PERSONNEL: AD states must “significantly
reduce" their di p l omatic staffs at Libyan diplomatic missions and
consular posts, restrict the movement of Libyan staff on their
territory and shut down Libyan Arab Airlines offices. They must
also expel or deny entry to Libyan nationals who have been expelled
from or denied entry to other states because of terrorist activities.

• TERRORISM: Libya must renounce terrorism, “cease aD forms
of terrorist action” and prove it has done so “promptly, by concrete
actions.”

Although he did not say what
evidence Britain wanted, be listed
several Libyan arm shipments in-
tercepted ra their way to the mili-
tant Provisional wing of the Irish
Republican Army as well as the
fatal shooting of a policewoman,
Yvonne Fletcher, in 1984 by a gun-
man inside the Libyan Embassy in
London.

The requirement that Libya
demonstrate its renunciation of ter-
rorism by "concrete actions" has
aroused speculation that the Unit-
ed States, Britain and France might
demand names of terrorists trained
and armed by Libya as well as
details of past terrorist operations
it was involved in as a condition for
lifting sanctions.

Since Libya would presumably
be reluctant to provide such infor-
mation, some diplomats argue that
the sanctions are likely to prove
more difficult to lift than to impose
and could become bound up with
the personal fate of Colonel
Moammar Gadhafi. the Libyan
leader, as those imposed on Iraq
are becoming wound up with that
of President Saddam Hnssein.

Libya’s own representative, Ah-
med Elbooded, as weD as the repre-
sentatives of many of the Arab and
Islami c bodies that took the floor
in Libya’s defense, argued that the
dispute over the airline bombings
had become a legal one over wheth-
er Libya itself should try those ac-
cused of terrorist attacks — as it
contends it has a right to do —
instead of extraditing them.

A Fifth of Voters Found to Back Texas Billionaire

Los Angeles Tuna Sertice

LOS ANGELES — Signaling dissatis-
faction with the choices in the presidential
contest, one-fifth of registered voters say
they would the support the Texas billion-
aire H. Ross Perot in a three-way race for
the White House with President George
Bush and Governor Bill Clinton of Arkan-
sas, according to a new Las Angdes Tunes
PoD.

In a hypothetical three-way election.
Mr. Perot drew 21 percent, compared with
37 percent for Mr. Bush and 35 percent for
Mr. Clinton, the poll found.

What makes Mr. Perot’s strength even
more striking is that only one-third of

registered voters now know enough about
the industrialist to have an opinion of him.

Mr. Perot, 61, who made his fortune
building a computer services company in
Texas, has said he will seek the presidency
as an independent if volunteers obtain
enough signatures to place him on the
baflot in every state.

Mr. Perot on Monday named a retired
vice admiral. James B. Stockdak. 68. a
former navy combat pilot, as his tempo-
rary running male.

The move clears the way for volunteers
to mount petition drives on Mr. Perot’s
behalf to get him on the ballot Twenty-
seven states require independent candi-

dates to name running mates on their
ballot petitions.

Admiral Stockdale is now a senior re-
search fellow ai Sanford University's
Hoover Institution on War, Revolution
and Peace, a conservative research foun-
dation.

He led the first U.S. bombing raid on
North Vietnam in 1964. The following
year he was shot down over North Viet-
nam; he spent more than seven years in a
prisoner-of-war camp.

He was awarded the Medal of Honor
for having tried to kill hims elf to keep
guards from gelling information that he
feared would jeopardize fellow prisoners.

Mr. Perot said he would name a perma-
nent Tunning mate by the time (he Demo-
cratic and Republican parties held their
political conventions inis summer.

The Times poll surveyed 1.521 adults,
including l .233 registered voters, from
March 27 to March 29; it has a margin of
error of plus or minus 3 percentage points.

The sample includes 607 registered
Democrats and independents who lean
toward the party, as well as 544 registered
Republicans and independents who lean
toward the Republicans.

The margin of error on questions about
the sentiment of primary voters in either
parry is pins or minus 5 percentage points.

As Gotti’s Trial Closes ,
A Caveat to Jury Prods
Defense to Cry Mistrial

By Laurie Goodstein

Washtnguw Pan Service

NEW YORK — Pandemonium
erupted in the closing minutes of
the 10-week trial of John Gotti, a
reputed criminal lender, when U_S.
Attorney Andrew Maloney told ju-
rors that they’d be “less than hu-
man" not to fear the man they are
being asked to judge.

Jumping to their feet, Mr. Gotti’s
attorneys called for a mistrial and
suggested that Mr. Maloney's ma-
neuver had given them what they
had sought aD along — solid
grounds for an appeal mould their
client be found guilty.

Jurors were ready to begin their
deliberations Tuesday on charges
of murder, racketeering, conspira-
cy and tax evasion against Mr.
Gotti and his alleged under boss.
Frank Locasrio, also known as
Frankie Locs.

The jury of six men. six women
and four alternates is being kept
anonymous and sequestered for the
duration to avoid the possibility
that Mr. Gotti’s associates might
try to intimidate them or tamper
with the process. The government
said such actions had occurred in
earlier Gotti trials.

[After consulting with lawyers
from both sides, the presiding
dismiss ed a juror Tuesday,
if would not discuss the reasons.
The Associated Press reported. He
did say it was not as a result of
misconduct by either defense or
prosecution.]

Mr. Maloney made the opening
arguments in the trial, but in the
ensuing weeks be became a silent
presence at the prosecution table,
while Assistant U.S. Attorney John
Gieeson wove the complicated case
attempting to label Mr. Gotti as
head of the New- York based Gam-
bdno crime family.

Trying to ridicule Mr. Maloney
at one slow moment in the trial,
Mr. Gotti pointed to him and
asked, “Who’s he?"

Bui Monday, Mr. Maloney put
the final rhetorical flourishes in a

rebuttal to the closing arguments of
the Gotti attorneys.

“If you accept the proof of what
you are dealing with here, the boss
of a murderous, treacherous crime
family, and bis underboss." Mr.
Maloney told the jury, “you’d be
less than human if you didn't feel
some personal concern.”

At that, five attorneys at the de-
fense table rose and shouted, in
unison, Objection!"

U.S. District Judge I. Leo
Glasser said, "Sustained.”

Minutes later. Mr. Maloney fin-
ished his speech, and all the defense
attorneys were again on their feet
calling for the judge to declare a
mistrial.

Judge Glasser denied the motion
for mistrial in a closed conference.

Guam to Replace
Subic for U.S.

Return

A GAN A, Guam — The United
States will turn Guam into a major
military base to balance the loss of
Subic Bay Naval Base in the Philip-
pines, a U2S. Navy official said
Tuesday. American forces will
leave Subic by the end of the year
after Manila's Senate rejected a
new bases treaty with Washington.

Guam wiD be upgraded to deal
with “possible threats to regional
security" such as North Korea's
nuclear program, (he official said.
The Guam base, 2^00 kilometers
(1,500 miles) east of the Philip-
pines, w£D supply and arm U.S.
forces from the western Pacific to
the Gulf, he added.

One of three floating drydocks at
Subic was towed to Guam last
month, the second left last Sunday
and the last wiD be pulled out by
May, be said, adding that access
arrangements with Singapore and
Malaysia would allow U.S. forces
to maintain a strong presence in
Southeast Asia.

Span Frucc-Pnue

Hillary Clinton wooing a voter in the New York subway. The state primary is April 7.

Mrs. Clinton in WMte House Post?

Washington Post Sen-tee

MILWAUKEE — Governor Bill Clinton appar-
ently wants his wife. Hfllary. to play a major role in
the administration if be wins the election in No-
vember.

Encouraged during a campaign stop at Milwau-
kee’s Metro Area Technical College to include
Hillary Clinton, who is a partner in a Little Rock
law firm, in his prospective administration. Mr.
Clinton said;

“I think what we wiD do if I am the nominee and
if I am elected.” he said, “we wiD try to decide what
it is she ought to do. and then discuss it with
ourselves and then tell the American people, and
give them time to get adjusted to it."

“It would be unusual, there has never been a
..." He paused without completing the sentence.

Mr. Clinton said during a question-and-answer
session ai the college that "there are worlds of
things Hillary could do at a very high level in the
administration."

He added; “I would hope that the .American
people would support that, because 1 certainly
would want her involved in some very clear and
high-level way.

“She also knows a lot about this. For 20 years,
she has worked on the problems of children; for
the last several years, she has worked on the
problems of retraining the .American work force.”

Mr. Clinton said: “I appreciate your encourage-
ment. I'll sure try to get her in there at some high
leveL Bui you’ve got to get me in first before I can
get her in."

U.S. Eases Desegregation

High Court Lets Schools Achieve Integration Gradually

Compiled In- Our StajJ From Dispatches

WASHINGTON — The Su-
preme Court ruled Tuesday that
school systems can now be declared
legally integrated in piecemeal
fashion, clearing the way for an end

AMERICAN

TOPICS

Of Hollywood Fame
And Oscar Awards

This week, with the announce-
ment of HoUywood's annual
Academy Awards, is as good a
time as any to consider what
Charlie Chaplin, Greta Garbo,
Orson Welles and Marilyn Mon-
roe have in common: None of
them ever won an Oscar for best
actor or actress. Nor, notes Janet
Maslin in The New York Tunes,
have Marlene Dietrich, Myrna
Lqy. Caiy Grant, Barbara Stan-
wyck, Fred Astaire, Paul New-
man or Al Pacino.

Directors who have missed oat
include Alfred Hitchcock, Luis
BunueL Jean Renoir, Francois
Truffaut, Ernst Lubitscb, Buster
Keaton. D.W. Griffith, Cedi B.
DeMifle and. at least thus far.
Martin Scorsese, George Lucas
and Barbra Streisand.

“To make amends for such
oversights,” Ms. Maslin writes,
“the academy sometimes votes
special Oscars to venerable non-
winnners. but the consolation
prize will never be mistaken for

the real thing." Among the recip-
ients of honorary awards are
Cary Grant (1969), Orson WeQes
(1970), Charlie Chaplin (1971).
Jean Renoir (1974), Barbara
Stanwyck (1981), Paul Newman
( 1985)’ and Myrna Loy ( 1 990).

Short Takes

With the Cold War over. Con-
gress has ordered the army, navy
and air force academies to re-
duce their enrollments of 4,400
students each by 10 percent over
the next three years. And, start-
ing in 1997, academy graduates
will receive reserve rather than
regular commissions. After at
least one year of active duty they
wiD compete for the more secure
regular commissions with Re-
serve Officers Training Corps
graduates of civilian colleges.

The same company that put
Velcro tabs oo sneakers two de-
cades ago has devised a way to
make shoes tighter or looser by
turning a disk. Puma, a West
German company with an Amer-
ican subsidiary, will introduce
the shoes in the United States in
July; they already are on sale in
Europe, the disk, about 1 Vi inch-
es (4 centimeters) across, is on
the heavily padded tongue of the
shoe. Turning it loosens or tight-

ens plastic support straps outride
the shoe. A quick-release button
makes the shoes easy to take off.

Cigars were once an ever-pre-
sent part of American life,
smoked at work and at home and
bought by the boxful on just
about any comer. But even as the
population has doubled, the ci-
gar has steadily declined because
of concerns about health and es-
thetics. In 1920, smokers lighted
up 8.5 billion cigars a year. This
is down to 22 billion today.

Eva - since the administration
of John F. Kennedy, intellectuals
have been on rhe outride of the
White House looking in. The
New York Tunes notes. Mr.
Kennedy, though making no
claims to bring an intellectual
himself, was at home with them.
His brain trust “emptied the
Harvard faculty." as the histori-
an Hannah Arendt put it. Presi-
dents ever since have lured or
hobnobbed with few or no intel-
lectuals. whose best chance for a
comeback is with Bill Ginton.
He is no intellectual, but a gradu-
ate of Yale law school and a
Rhodes Scholar who. The Times
says, "knows — and is known to
know — intellectuals."

Arthur Hisbee

to forced busing in some school
districts where student integration
has been achieved but where other
aspects of a judge's order remain
unmet.

In its second major school deseg-
regation ruling in 14 months, the
court also said a school district
need not remedy demographic
changes beyond its control that re-
turn some schools to predominant-
ly one-racc status.

In an S-to-0 ruling that ended
federal court supervision over stu-
dent enrollment in DeKalb Coun-
ty. Georgia. Justice .Anthony M.
Kennedy wrote for the court that
the duty and responsibility of a
school district once segregated by
law was to take all steps necessary'
to eliminate the vestiges of the un-
constitutional system.

Justice Kennedy said that this
was required to ensure that “the
injuries and stigma inflicied upon
the race disfavored by the violation
is do longer presen l“

He added that a federal court
had the discretion to order an in-
cremental or partial withdrawal of
its supenision and control.

Last year the justices ruled that
court-ordered busing in formerly
segregated school districts could
end once all “practicable" steps to
eliminate the remnants of segrega-
tion had been taken.

Justice Garence Thomas, tbe
court's only black member, did not
participate in the decision because
he joined the court after the case
was argued.

The ’decision reversed an lith
U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rul-
ing that said a school system
achieved full integration if it main-
tained at least three years of racial
equality in six categories: student

assignment, faculty, staff, trans-
portation. extracurricular activities
and facilities.

Federal judges have used those
categories routinely since a 196S
Supreme Court decision said they
could help identify vestiges of the
discrimination banned in the
Board of Education vs. Brown rul-
ing of 1954.

Justice Kennedy said the appeals
court was wrong in stating that
compliance must be achieved in aD
six categories. He said federal
judges had the discretion “to order
the incremental withdrawal" of
their supervision over school dis-
trict desegregation efforts.

The decision sends important
new guidelines to federal judges
supervising desegregation efforts in
hundreds of school districts nation-
wide. many of which include mas-
sive busing of students.

"By withdrawing control over ar-
eas where judicial supenision is no
longer needed." Justice Kennedy
said, "a district court can concen-
trate both its own resources unti
those of the school district on areas
where the effects of discrimination
have not been eliminated."

The decision left the DeKalb
school district under federal court
supervision in two key respects —
faculty assignments and resource
allocation. But court supenision
over student assignments, trans-
portation. physical facilities and
extracurricular activity is ended.

In another decision, the court
upheld the formula that Congress
has chosen to distribute House
seats among the stmes. .As a result.
Montana stands to lose one of its
two House seats. ( UP I. API

CLINTON: Debating Challenge

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20 Ugandan exile

23 8ib(ical king

24 Kite or Pate

Z7 Play by
Osborne

33 Ophidian toxin

34 Slanted,
Scottish style

35 Kind of coffee
as Like a bristle

39 Barrio certifiers

42 Foam, to
Frangois

i" ft
x r»

. -■*»-*•

;'.StaB6a i aSr i

. : - a~

Solution to Puzzle of March 31

• ****

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Tolwi

45 Inge drama.

with “Come"

48 Again, in music
48 Helvetian
capital
50U.S.S.R.
snoops

si Londoner's
bumper guard
wMarquand novel
82 Venetian
merchant

63 Claim finder

64 Lao follower

65 inquire
M Vetch

67 Caleb, e.g.

DOWN

1 LB.J.'s
successor

2 AssBmbiy-line
org.

3 Bambi's aunt

4 Hosea. Douay
spelling

5 English

choreographer
Frederick

e Japanese mat
t Pack-a-lunch

excursions: Var.

8 Dies

9 Soliloquy start

10 canto

ii ' y plata.'

Mont, motto

i 2 Woodfor skis

14 Do sums

is State end univ.

is Caledonian
churches

20 Noren ot
baseball

21 U.K. river

22 Starts the fire

24 Late guest's
fare

25 Caviar

26 Aged

28 Novelist Lofts

29 Muslim moguls

30 Festival at
Fareham

31 Some kind of
nut

32 Special talent

36 That female, in
Frankfurt

37 Twain portrayer

39 Collar

40 Geisha's
waistband

© Netc York runes, edited by Eugene Molesko.
41 Austere fiddler? 31 A Siouan

43 Pulp or slick

44 Reflux

46 Bagatelle

47 Kind of sport

56 Turner or Cole
37 Hosp group
58 An Amerind
• about

59

33 Goddess of
strife

34 Catchall abbrs. Hme! -
55 Nueieic acid, for 60 Alley ■

short 61 Be nosy

(Confined from page 1)

plde profile of who be is and what
he stands for," said James Carvffle,
one of Mr. Clinton’s senior strate-
gists. “People can’t react to infor-
mation they don’t have."

In his comments about media
coverage, Mr. Clinton seemed to
angle out the New York City press,
whose tabloid newspapers have
given prominent display to nega-
tive stories about him. But be made
it clear that they applied to newspa-
pers, magazines and television else-
where as welL

"I have been a punching bag in
New York and all across tins coun-
try." he said, when asked about the
doubts voiced by New York voters
about his candidacy. “How can
people think anything different?”

In an almost plaintive speech to
black churchgoers in New York,
Mr, Clinton referred to the cover-
age he has received and said: “I
have seen myself turned into a car-
toon character of an old-time
Southern deal-maker by tabloids
and television ads, a total denial of
all my life’s work.”

The W.ABC survey was conduct-
ed before Mr. Clinton acknowl-
edged Sunday that he had experi-
mented with marijuana wrhile be
was a Rhodes scholar in England in

his early 20s. He had said in an
interview- with the Daily News las;
week that he had “never broken the
laws of my country."

If the disclosure becomes a polit-
ical liability in New York, it seems
most likely to result from Mr. Clin-
ton’s use of a technicality to avoid
answering the question before he
was forced on Sunday by a televj- J
sion interviewer to say whether he
had ever violated another country’s
law.

Asked Monday whether he
should have been forthcoming
when he has been asked about drug
use in the past. Mr. Clinton said:
“No. In 1987. 1 said what I believe
in. 1 think there is a limit to what
people ought to have to say. But I
am running for president now. Peo-
ple f inall y asked me a direct ques-
tion. I gave them a direct answer." i

Mr. Clinton’s advisers fear that
the way his drug use became public
could contribute to doubts about
his credibility.

Stan Greenberg. Mr. Gin ton’s ■
pollster, described New York as!
"probably as difficult an environ-’
menl to get your message through j
as we’ve encountered." j

"We begin with more doubts 1
abom us than in New Hampshire." ■
he said. i

R'jM* 5 E l * ERL'! riiLLS ■ . ~'L .. :

**•

R-.‘-

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Page 5

" '■ • k ' *

OPINION

iplices

rp- J g°g^

Andrew w
,. w . * a *d

V * -K:r j<: ..

• i

.. YORK — -Abcra Ac,
,dc$nnh& of Pm American
questions remain to

teans^tdThjsistbeGrst . .

"■' WDi,Ae truth be disclosed
to toirorid — thefuH troth, not
the part befog recited at tbe

By A. M. Rosenthal

tail, head of the
the Liberation of

Front fro

K*(w*so :

.■■•■f 11. — t

— :- t - f li-w'

„ '• ir «=\

l;,,.' ■S’.V,' 6“t

«4P- -i ••'

K» . . " h, -Xn

• r,-.

M*

’■***'

S.

_r — It

is 'a. maaer of time. Too many
people wexc mvtrfved in the crime,
Snap too many comtries, for the
XjHttsd States awiUte United Na- •
dras.to he able to hang the Loek-
qjbtebopbmgonly rot the liby-
am. aim then just walk away
fwever.&can the rest of the stay,
tjip heart of iu.

■ Ami too many people have been
.part df the nwcstigatiao — intent
kdgc agents, technicians and mag-
'Isiafolmatbe United States, Eo-
rape and thcMiddle EasL -

AnKHig those I have talked, to
over the past years, I have found

june who believed Aal Libya alone
raid for, planned and earned oat
to aime T-esactly none.

. Stewn Emerson, the Washing*
to journalist who, with Brian
‘ Dufly, -wrote “The Fall of Pan Am
103” in 1990, provided me with
thisupdated summary. ■!

“The undisputed intelligence
tows that Synarbased and -am-
[ported terronsts, led by; Ahmed Jfe-

agamst

URftOi-.:::

«p.f. W-*

im

mil?-
*■***."

^ - ■

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U.S., European and
in October 1988.

. “The money and orders for the
operation came from Iran, seeking
revenge fro to shooting down of
the Iranian Airbus that summer by
the U-S. Aocqrdiag to intelligence
T rarmni ftfffcaflls traveled

to Germany to oversee the opera-
tion and to pqsomtfly witness the
transfer of esnlpaves and bombs.
“Bui the plan went awry when
teaioriste were -ar-
rested by Goman police in late
October . 1988. Jebm, who had re-
ceived funding from Libya for at
least the previous two years, hand-
ed off Ae operation to Libya,

which had its own terrorist infra-
structure m place.” . .
r In any inquiry as long and com-
plicated asAc Pan Am investiga-
tion there are differences among
investigators as to riming and im-
portance of details. I quote the Em-
erson summary because

turn. The Syrian-based terrorists
planned it Libyans were brought
in fro the kill — Ae physical plant-
ing of the bomb.

Vincent Cannistraro headed the
CIA’s investigation in the first
years, imtfl he left the agency in
1990. He says that the Jebril group
was central to tbe operation.

Ahmed Jebril is a former Syrian
army officer. It is in Syria that bis
troops are barracked and trained.
He also has dose ties, financial and
political, to Iran. As for the Liby-

ans, some of the Jebril group fly
‘it with

planes for them, and ft
them in tbe war with

Mr. Cannistraro says that after
scooting tbe field fro a target, the
Jebril group stalled rot Pan Am
because it found that in Frankfurt
the airime was not “reconciling”
baggage folly — not making sore
that every piece of baggage was
identified directly wi A a passenger
before bring taken cm board.

Then came tbe arrests by tbe
Gomans, and Ae bandoff to tbe
Libyans. Mr. Cannistraro thinks it
Kkefy that the Libyans were part of

OUR INTELLIGENCE SAYS
IF WE MAKE IT THROUGH THE
PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN,
WE'KL PROBABLY 5AFE FOR
ANOTHER 4 YEAR5...

Tie dsiHba Saencr Marina Lot Angela Tines Spx£a*L

The Talk in the Hot Tub
Whs of Distant Worlds

By Nancy Bekavac

C LAREMONT, California —
After my first day of skiing in
two years I took my sore muscles
down to a hot tubal the slri resort I
was visiting. I stepped in for a long,
hot soak alone.

A few minutes later I was joined
by a lean, muscular man in his early
20s, with a shoulder tattoo shaped

home to go to school I had not
found any way to talk about it with
my classmates, whom I alternately
/ought wiA and ignored. Then a
friend of a friend had come up to

mem the library. He bad been with

Stars and Stripes; he understood,
on 1 ha

MEANWHILE

like an anchor. We chatted and 1 got
around 10 asking him if he was a
student on spring break He said, '
“Yes. 1 just got out of the Marine

Gulf?”

and Fm in junior college”
h,” I said, “Were you in the

“Yes,” he said, a little flatly.

lioned?”

no

withits basic outline:
I ranians paid for the opera-

Until 1991 tbe United Stales
made it no secret that Ahmed JrinU
was at the center of the web, thus
involving Syria. Thai evidence was
found that also pointed to two Lib-

yans. President George Bush there-
upon stunned the intelligence
world by saying that Syria had
received a “bum rap."

So now we are expected to be-
lieve that two Middle Eastern ter-
rorist gangs, paid by to same mas-
ters, comrades in previous actions,
were carrying out separate borab-

al the same time in to same
city, all unknown to each other. Sep-
arately. two intelligence specialists
came up with to same description
of that Idea: total barnyard epithet.

Now to second question —
why to American refusal to indi-
cate that Syria and Iran are, at

the very least, guilty accomplices?

Somriimes relatives of the 270
Fan Am victims ask if Mr. Bush is
guilty of cover-up. I say no but he is
closing bis eyes to what he does not
wish to see. We all do that. I said to
one relative. She said yes but we are
not all presidents, are we?

The New York Times.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

MndeenfortlKlJN

Regarding “New Age for the Unti-
ed Nations, Members Willing ”
(Opinion, March 12):

Stephen S. Rosenfekfs encour-
aging artide notes that among to
preoccupations facing the sew
United Nations secretary-general
are tong to oigamzatKafs re-
sources efficiently, meeting the

ninrial women and around the
wodd vAo would be pnpared to
serve to organization with utmost
competence and *' ‘

anil, "torirng irp the
tkms f or Ae new tigp.”

Profoundly relevant to this, and
to an enhanced UN tote in ctmf&ct
resolution and tbe buifcfing of de-
mocracy, is to fact that more than
10 percent of to UN hrananiterian
wakers in postwar Iraq have served
on volunteer terms. The same will
apply in pre-action Cambodia.

The UN volunteers come from
110 countries. Yet they are but a
small fraction of to taknted prafes-'

such people can be
one way to draw on to enormous
reservoir at goodwill for. to UN in
every country; now, as never be-
fore, is tbe moment ip tap this.
BRENDA GAEL McSWEENEY. -
Executive Coofdmalot. United
Nations Vohmteen/UNDP.

• Geneva. •

store American economic and po-
litical strength. A strong America
means prosperity and hope for the
wodd; a weak, depressed America
means disaster for alL

DOV SELTZER.

Roma

“ The Drug Problem

Attention* {Opinion, March
Rosenthal :

PerotVAppeal

letters beaded jar pABcadm
should be addressed “Laos to the
Editor* and contain the win's sig-
nature, name andpB address. Letters
should be bri^ mid ire subjea to
editmg We onset be ropons d d c far
Ae return af m uddled mausatpB.

_g* America : The Would-
BeTfardMan Fears ‘Economic Ca-
lamity* ” (Opinion, March 30) by
H. Ross Perot:

What * pity that America’s polit-

manfrkTH- Ross Perot to^ocome
. president F-»ri» of his. remarks
touches on to real reasons for
today’s deep crisis/

-I oofy hope that the next presi-
dent wm have to courage and in-
spiration to call on taknted, sac-

14) by A. M. R
Indeed it does, and that is no
criticism of to ibetapeatic com-
munities that Mr. Rosenthal
. Bnt as he himself concedes,
■ co mmuni t ies will not end to

cessful and honest
like Mr. Perot — people
not hungry for money or
and who are wflfing to “
few years of their Eves (pt
a symbolic $1 salary) to

le

are

a

on

re-

r. Rosenthal ridicules to no-
tion of kgaKzatioa. Yet, as shown
by to buncos spent ineffectually
through the years and by the con-
tinuing spread of drug use, we will
not rid ourselves of to horror un-
less the enormous profit is taken
out of drugs. Ctace that is done, to
worldwide tog mafia — from nral-
rimilbonair e bosses to smaU-time
pushers — will collapse.

There is no proof that legaliza-
tion would increase drug use. Even
now, anybody who wants drugs
gets them, if necessary by theft or
prostitution. The problem is not

GENERAL NEWS

Foreign Minister of India Resigns
Amid Allegations in Bribery Case

OuyaedbfOirSudJFnmDbpadm

NEW DELHI — FtatignMntis-
tg .Ma dh av rinh Sctianki resigned
Tuesday over aO^atito: that he
tried to stall an investigation into
the Bafors bribery scandal, winch
ta fritfd to administration, of for-
mer Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.

P ariame ntary Affairs Minister
Ghnlam Nabi Azad announced in
to Lok Sabha, to lower house,
that Mr. Solanki had mbsritted his
resignation to Firine Minister P. V.
NarasmAa Rao. ■

The resignation letter,' in which
Mr. Sokaki accqrted “moral re-
sponability” for os conduct, was
forwarded to President Ramas-

wany Venkataraman, which meant
it had been accepted.

Ml Solanki was strongly criti-
cized in Parfiament tins week, ac-
cused of adring Swiss authorities to
go dtom determining tbe owners
of secret bank accounts into which
kickbacks from to Swedish arms
manufacturers AB Bofors were
paid. Investigations had deter-
mined dot Bofors had deposited
about SS3 million into secret Swiss
accounts. The names of to holders
of to accounts have never been
pobEdydisdbsed.

The minister said he had handed
over a note — from an Indian law-
yer whose name he said he could
not remember — to Swiss Foreign

Minister Rene Fdber in January
that gave details of to case.

Mr. Solanki said Ire kepi no copy
of to note. Opposition members
asserted that he had advised Swiss
authorities to slow down investiga-
tions.

“I now z^et that I handed over
this note, winch has caused embar-
rassment to me and created an
avoidable misunderstanding.” Mr.
Solanki told Parliament

The kickbadu scandal erupted
in 1987, when Swedish radio re-
ported that Before paid bribes to
officials in Mr. Gandhi’s govern-
ment to secure a $13 haUkm artil-
lery contract.

(Reuters, TJP1, AFP)

Will the Messiah Come Now?

By Jackson Diehl

else — a
par-

KFAR HABAD, Israel —Twice in the last four
years, to Brooklyn-based leader of tbe ultraortbo-
dox Lubavitchcr movement of Jndai sm , Rabin
Menachem M. Sdmeersan, has tipped tbe pira«-
ousb, balanced spates of Israeli parties dedsivdy
toward to ri^iL _ .

Now, as a potentially crucial Israeli erection
approaches, to 89-year-old rebbe, ss the seefs
spiritual leader is has played a wild card.

Several weeks ago, Rabbi Schneereon, who has
never set foot in Israd, authorized his followers to
build a home for fa rm here; near the red-brick

followers live may augnr — if
significant change in the power that
ties wield in Israeli politics.

Before the last general elections in 1988. Rabbi
Schneerson ordered his f oDowen to vote ea masse
for to Agndat Israel irfigioas party, wbatb bol-
stered its representation in the Knesset, or parlia-
ment, from two seats to five.

Overall, religious parties increased their share of
to 120-member Knesset from 12 to 18 seats in that
f jMrtinn, which made them to kingmakers in a
body otherwise deadlocked between the right and

left

After Rabbi Schneerson blocked a deal between

[vision of drivers

r like a bizarre

Fro the scares <rf thousands ctf to rebbe’s fol-
lowers here and. elsewhere around the wod d, the
ation of to tame has a cosmic significance,
reason is. ample: Fro Ac last several

□ wuo Will icunau /nuow*» “ * — —

The mesriah, to sribbtfs foDowos say, is none
rolenhatn Rabbi Sdmeersroi hinBcJi
And to world’s redenqrtion, they add could
taV>» place -as early as non month — perhaps on
Aar leader’s 90th birthday, April H or at to
begmmng of Passover, three days later.

th* fZt ant Rabbi Schneascm had a stroke
eaiikr this moo A seems to have done noAmg to

.dampen tiaseemectatirots. . . , .

InSat cror^Lto Isradi deebons scheduled

blocked a Labor Party attempt to remove Prime
Ministro Yitzhak Shamir &om office.

“Elcctmcs— y<m mean if they trice pace, T

■ Menachem Brad, a spokesmen fro to La»a-
_ V.. i arm c imder the

this fa

nrcoeBtaSad.

as

n^ULUU wu LUW .UMW* *

Peres in 1990, to Orthodox — «--- .
joined a rightist government headed by Mr. S ha-
mir , and over to last few yean have extracted
huge increases in government fimding for thdr
private schools and social institutions.

This year, the power of to religious parties
seems sure to decline.

Sues to last nationwide ballot, about 400,000
ovenriidmin|ly secular Soviet immigrants have
poured into to country.

Meanwhile, outside experts are saying that Ha-
bad’s messiah campaign signals a potential col-
lapse in what is probably Ae world's best-known
and most rnfirwntial ultraorthodox move m e nt

“If Passover crones and goes without Schneer-
son revealing Mmself as the messiah,” said tbe
Hebrew U niv e rsi ty sociologist M ena c hem Fried-
man, “Habad will find itself in a very deep, deep

crisis.” , _

Already, Habad and its leader are under fire
from other Orthodox leaders.

Rabbi Hkzer Schach. to 96-year-rod leader of
the^ Tithuanian” school of ultraorAodox thought,
recently delivered a blistering public attack on
Rabbi Schneeisan’s predictions and said Schneer-
son followers were not observant Jews. .

To counter Habarfs advertising campaign, here,
which features bfllboards and bun^o’ stickers
with the slo gan “ P repa re fro to mesaah,” Rabin
Schach’s - amomts have distributed their own

I

only to dogged jails and hospitals.
Tbe problem waits for all of us, in a
dark side street, in Ae subway,
even in broad daviight
Once this problem is corrected,
to bShoas now spent uselessly can
be put into the service of therapeu-
tic communities, whose lack of
funds Mr. Rosenthal deplores.

LEONORE SUHL.

PortimSo, Portugal.

President George Bush not done or

<aiti any thing to Stop the madmen ?

Ignoring these atrocities is tanta-
mount tO enpdmring them.

M-SAKWAR-

Tokyo.

What tbe Tswanas Want

Silence Ov6r Burma

* recent comments ort re-

pression m

The military junta of Burma has
now turned its brutal attention to
the poor Muslims in Ae coastal re-
gion of Arakan. This in itself is not
surprising. What is surprising is tbe
deafening quiet of the leaders of to
“new world order.” Is it based cm
prin riples or expediency? Why has

Regarding “ A Bit of Solace for the
Afrikaner* (Meanwhile, March 25):

In his ori ginal and perceptive arti-
cle, Peter Honey says that two non-
whilegroupx, the Zulus in Natal and
to Tswanas in fiophuthatswana,
“crave minority identity” and have
no wish to be ‘Tcnced to assimilate"
into to greater nation. “Americans,
more than most, should understand
that," he concludes.

He is right. These are also to
sentiments of so many minorities in
other parts of to world.

As for Ae Tswanas, recent histo-

ry has left them disillusioned. In
the 19th century, to colonial Brit-
ish betrayed their solemn promises
and incorporated Tswana lands
into SouA Africa. When iL suited
Pretoria to restore tbe Tswanas' in-
dependence. in to mid-*70s, only
half the forma’ lands were re-
turned. No wonder Tswanas prefer
to decide their own future. Who
can blame them?

Incidentally, to Tswanas’ wish
for self-determination surely
doesn’t merit Ae label “intransi-
gent.” does it? Nor does to Zulus’.
It is just that no one has shown
much interest in what we want. Our
view is that to ballot box should
decide our future, not ideologues
doing deals in smoke-filled rooms.
ANTHONY McCALL- JUDSON.

Bophnthatswana
International Affairs.

London.

“Where were you siatii

“A couple of places. First we
were near a city in Ae north, then
they moved us back to Ae ships.
Then 1 was at a forward firebase,
Lonesome Dove."

“So you were with an artillery
unit?”

“No, a gimship crew."

“HueysT

“Cobras. I was a dots 1

“Did you see any com!

“Yes." Again, flat wiA a little
intake of breath.

“Out over to highway r

“Yes.” Softly. “I don’t tike to
talk about iL But how do you know
about Hueys and Cobras?”

Exactly. What’s a middle-aged
woman in a hot tub doing talkin g
about Hueys? Or firepower?

Long ago and far away, in a war
that was ending as this man was
being born, I had been a reporter in
Vietnam. And I had asked those
questions of other marines, wiA
shaved heads and “Semper FT tat-
toos, who answered wiA to same
resigned puzzlement.

I tried to explain. I tried to ask
him questions, but mostly he wam-
edme to talk about Vietnam, about
what it was like.

“It’s funny talking about this
wiA you,” he said. “1 can’t talk to
my classmates. Or even mybroAer,
or to folks I*m here with. They all
seem so young and so irresponsible.
I just can’t talk to them."

I told Mm how 1 had come back

From then on 1 had an ally.

The young man said be had one
friend, a Vietnam veteran.

Dearly, he had found a bond
and an understanding no one else
could give him.

“Sometimes things just remind
me," he said. “1 can’t help iL"

“Right," I said. “Like smells. Fro
me, I always think of Vietnam
when I smell charcoal fires and
manure. And fish sauce.”

Looking down, he said: “It’s die-
sel fumes that remind me. One
night when 1 was driving home I
passed this Saab on Ae highway. It
was on fire. And it all came back.”

There it is, as to marines used to
say. Car wrecks that pull you back
to a war, another country.

We chatted a little more and be
said: "Will I get ova it? Why can’t
I just forget it?"

“Yon wouldn’t want to be the

kind of man who just forgets iL” I
said. “You’ll remember. Not all to

time, every day. But you’ll carry
it wiA you."

I knew I was talking mostly to
myself. Vietnam is somewhere in the
core of me, like a sounding board
toned to cme low chord. It is some-
thing 1 share wiA some of my genera-
tion; even we talk about it carefully.

Each generation has its war. And
each generation thinksit will be Ae
last to have one.

Your war stays wiA you, part of
how you see to world.

Tbe young man wondered wheth-
er there is something wrong wiA
him, wiA his sense of suspension. I
tell him not to worry, it is like this
wiA every returning soldier.

In Vietnam to return was called
“going back to the world." As
though to war were anoAa plan-
et, another world.

Which it was.

The writer is president of Scripps
College. She contributed this com-
ment to Die New York Times.

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Page 6

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL I, 1992

Reuters

WASHINGTON - The Inter-
national Monetary Fund praised
Russia for its tough economic poli-
cy on Tuesday and took a major
step toward making Moscow eligi-
ble to borrow billions of dollars in
IMF loans.

The monetary fund's board
agreed to give Russia a 3 percent
stake when it joins the organiza-
tion, probably late next month.
That would make Russia eligible to
borrow about S4 billion annually to
support its changes.

Urging Russia to push ahead
rapidly to overhaul its economy.

the monetary fund's managing di-
rector, Michel Camdessus, said:
“The IMF commends the govern-
ment of the Russian Federation for
launching a bold and comprehen-
sive economic reform program."

The program represented a ma-
jor step toward a market economy
and macroeconomic stabilization,
Mr. Camdessus said.

■*If fully implemented, it will lay
the foundation for an economic
program that the IMF could sup-
port with its financial resources
once Russia becomes a member."

Although Russia ts not yet a
member of the monetary fund.

Russian experts have worked close-
ly with its staff in mapping out a
program to shift the Russian econ-
omv to capitalism.

Russia has freed most prices
from government control allowing
them to shoot upward. And it has
slashed its bloated budget deficit
particularly spending on the mih-
tary.

To help buttress the changes.
President Geoige Bush is expected
to unveil a major program of sup-
port on Wednesday.

Mr. Bush's plan is likely to in-
clude an appeal for congressional
passage of a S 1 — billion U.S. contri-
bution to the fund.

RUSSIA; 18 of 20 Regions Sign Treaty of Federation

(Continued from page 1)

treaty negotiations, said. “We man-
aged with only minor iosses" to
persuade Lhe regions to join in.

“Up to this moment, up to this
evening, we went down — endless
disintegration, a growing rank of
"problems and internal con/licts."
Kir. Stankevich said in an inler-
'.iew. “I hope that this is a real
turning point — that there was a
time to cast stones, and now ji is
lime to gather stones."

Even after the disintegration of
the Soviet Union into 15 separate
countries, Russia remains the larg-
est nation in the world, its vast
territory spanning 1 1 time zones
and holding huge shares of the
world's oil. timber, metals and oth-
. er wealth. It also remains home to
more than 100 nationalities, many
with their own languages and their
own “autonomous" republics,
granted in previous years by the
Soviet Union in an empty show of
respect for ethnic rights.

Now. with central authority col-
lapsing amid economic depression
■ and political confusion, dozens of

regions, districts, nationalities and
semi autonomous republics have
been staking bolder and bolder
claims to sovereignty and indepen-
dence, seeking to "practice what
Communist authorities hypocriti-
cally preached. Even some Siberian
leaders have been agitating for se-
cession as pari of a Far Eastern
Republic.

Other new nations of the former
Soviet Union, including "Ukraine,
Moldova. .Azerbaijan and Georgia,
race similar challenges within their
borders, mirroring the centrifugal
forces that tore the Soviet Union
apart and leading already in some
cases to considerable loss of life.

The federation treat}, represent-
ed an important political victory
for Mr. Yeltsin coming cm Lhe eve
of a session of the Congress of
People's Deputies, the nation’s su-
preme legislative body. The Con-
gress. scheduled to convene next
week, is expected to provide a fo-
rum for opponents of Mr. Yeltsin’s
program of economic reform.

The treaty was signed Tuesday
by representatives of 18 ethnic re-

publics. 10 ethnic districts. 1 ethnic
area — the Jewish Autonomous
Region — 49 administrative re-
gions and 2 cities. Moscow and St.
Petersburg. Two oil-rich regions,
the Chechen Republic and Tatar-
stan. refused to sign.

.As if to underscore the dangers
inherent in dissolution, a small-
scale civil war resumed Tuesday in
the Chechen Republic, a Caucasian
region that declared independence
in November. Troops opposed to
General Dzhokar Dudayev, leader
of the breakaway republic, took
control of the local radio and tele-
vision station after a battle that left
one person dead and one wounded,
according to local reports.

General Dudayev promptly de-
clared a state of emergency! and
Tuesday evening his national guard
troops stormed the station with ar-
mored personnel carriers and gre-
nade launchers and recaptured it.
according to wire reports. Five peo-
ple were reported killed in the
counterattack.

MAD RID ; Spain Embraces Jews , 500 Years Later

Dnu Twm/Ageeos Fasee-PKMC

Mr, Yeltsin signing the federation treaty Tuesday in die Kremlin.

are demanding a referendum on month, although its leaders have
whether the Chechen Republic said they are not seeking total inde-

i n . _!• n 1. p : iL.

should remain part of Russia.
Tatarstan approved a referen-

pendence. Senior officials of the
republic are in Moscow seeking to

General Dudayev's opponents dum on sovereignty earlier this negotiate a separate treaty.

(Continued from page 1)
meroorate not only the expulsion of
the Jews but also their Spanish cul-
tural scientific, medical and eco-
nomic legacy.

Some Jewish leaders had ex-
pressed hope that Juan Carlos
might use the anniversary to apolo-
gize for the expulsion, but instead
he was more oblique, conceding
that Spain has known moments of
“splendor and decadence, periods
of profound respect for freedoms
and others of intolerance and per-
secution for political ideological
and religious reasons."

Mr. Herzog evoked this bitter-
sweet past before the congregation
of Spanish and foreign Jews when
he noted that “in our collective
memory we recall not only Spain of
the Inquisition but also the Spain
in which for centuries a magnifi-
cent Jewish culture flourished, cre-
ating fundamental works of theol-
ogy, philosophy and tiierature."

The expulsion edict came after
simil ar orders in England in 1290

31 Nations Vow
To Aid Cambodia

The Associated Press

TOKYO — Representatives of
31 nations have agreed to provide
aid for Cambodia as long as a new.
freely elected government takes of-
fice and peace is sustained, Japa-
nese officials said Tuesday.

The agreement came at a two-
day meeting to prepare for a con-
ference in Tokyo in June to work
out aid commitments and details of
Cambodian reconstruction, the
Foreign Ministry officials said.

The United Nations has estimat-
ed that Cambodia wfl] need at least
$800 million before elections
scheduled next year and substan-
tially higher amounts for recon-
struction after that

and in France in 1394 and was
followed by Portugal’s eviction of
the Jews in 1496. but the flight
from Spain was by far the most
disruptive because Jewish commu-
nities were larger and more settled
here than anywhere else in Europe.
From around the 10th century,
they grew in influence, with Jewish
diplomats, jurists, translators, fi-
nancial experts and men of letters
often linked to both the Spanish
courts and Arab rulers. There were
large Jewish communities in Tole-
do, Burgos, Sevilla, Gerona and
Zaragoza and in many areas Jews,
Christians and Moslems lived in
harmony.

By the 14th century, however,
resentment against Jews became
apparent, exploding in pogroms in
man y cities in 1391 that resulted in
the deaths of tens of thousands of
Jews. And as 15th century ad-
vanced, with reform in Northern
Europe sl uing the Roman Catho-
lic church, the Jews came under
strong pressure to convert to Chris-
tianity.

Many Tho usands did convert,
but in 1478 the Inquisition was
created with the idea of imposing
religious unity on Spain. With the
church accusing the Jews of prose-
lytizing among converts, in 1480
they were ordered by Ferdinand
and Isabella u> live in separate ar-
eas and in 1483, to leave Andalusia.

With the faD of Granada and the
eviction of the Moslems, the inquis-
itor-general TomAs de Torquema-

of Lhe* Jews f rom^ain -Records
show that the monanchs were at
first reluctant to go that far and
publication of the expulsion order
itself was delayed foe one month.
By early May, though, it was law.

The edict impJidty gave Jews the
choice of converting or leaving and
some, including one of the court's
principal tax advisers, Abraham
Senior, did opt to become Catho-
lics. The vast majority of Jews,

however, decided to leave, forced
to sdl or abandon their Dronertv

corid carry.

untiSnew interest in its Jewish
tage led to revocation of the expuk
son edict in 1869. During Wold
War n, despite sympathizing with
Nazi Germany, the Franco d j e a
torship also gave refuge to Jewish

fugitives and this was recalled with
gratitude by Mr. Herzog.

After the war, some European
Jews migrated to the Barcdcua
area, white the hrsi Sephardic
remrned after Morocco became in-
dependent in 1 956, with most raw-
ing to Andalusia. In 1967, freedom
of worship was proclaimed and, the
following year, the Madrid syaa-
gpgue beca me the first new syna-
gogue to open in Spain since 1491

Modrow and 3 Aides
Are Indicted for Fraud

The Associated Prm

DRESDEN — The former East
German prime minuter Hans Mo-
drow was indicted Tuesday on
charges of election fraud along
with three other former Commu-
nist officials

Mr. Modrow was bead of the
Communist Party in Dresden at the
rime of the May 1989 elections that
were manipulated to favor the
then-ruling Communists. The
fraud led to unrest that contributed
to the ouster of the hard-line Can-
munist Party leader, Erich Han-
ecker, and his government in Octo-
ber 1989. Mr. Modrow was
caretaker premier until East Ger-
many’s first free elections in March
1990.

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Page 7

International Herald Tribune

A Special Report Wednesday, April 1 , 1992

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Is the National Symbol in Danger?

k " By Josef Jaffe

M UNICH— tfafilreMaigaretThaid^

naans are no Brussds-badiers. Teacher's pels in the
European classroom, they have always been eager to
exed in thtirho m croric and topiedge aHegtanc&tb

^tbe way sammifin

December, where the T»m laid down the timetable far a more
perfect omen — above aO^ ’a. monetary union. The Germans have
begun to wony and to waver, and that, co ming from the most
potent member in the drib, wflt rattle the tracks nkre loudly than
bH of Mrs. Thatcher's blasts pot together.

Ihke Herr Gauwdkr of Munich, who recently assaulted the
'Maastricht process as a “totalitarian dream,” winks modcingtokey
component, & common currency by 1999, as “Esperanto money,
flbeqnq} goea bade to DeQaiule; who jeered dial Europe would
end up speaking Vdapfik if the Eurocrats had their wayi Who is
Peter Gmiwdler? Ho Mr. Big, if yon compare him to Chancellor
Helmut Kohl, who Ekes to confess that he has ably One dream left:
“to put the European train on track in such a manner that it wifl
anfy be aMe to roll forward.” -

But then, Mr..Ganwdlcr is no beer hall politico, either. He is die
environment nwnioer of Bav aria mid a rising alar of the r^wtian
Social Union, Mr.KobTs junior partner in Bonn, Hte ambition is to
inherit the mantle of the late Ftanz-Josef Strauss, and be has the .
political talent to go with it To do so.be must first topple Theo
Waigd, the CSU party boss, who is also finance minister m Bonn.

And lo, Herr Waigd soon thereafter trimmed his European sails.
If it is going to be a common currency, he opined, it migdil just as
weD be called “Earomarlc,” to be managed by die Eurobank,
located — where else? — in Frankfurt. Bfipa on the screen, you
might say, but these two gentlemen know an issue when they tee
one. As does Oskar Lafanxame^ the once and perhaps future

„ Continued on page 9 . ..

• Germany's economic weight is spreading in Eastern Europe
despite the misgivings of this “natural mariat." . Page 8.

• The economy has suffered three quarto* of falling growth and a

long slump is not out of the question. -■ Page 9.

• Berlin hones tint its economic expansion will help pay the UDs as

the costs of umfymg the city mount. Page 10.

• Carmakers tare began to worry about high production costs and

many nf the htg names are frimmmg their wmt forces. Page 1L

• The Ennopaifitencst faces the issue of whether reunified Germany

should get more seats. : . . t Page 1L

• Research finds are flaming generously to Eastern Germany, but
the West is also exporting its problems in thfrareat. F^eH

.•A Aw w gy a faw P jfeianr . charac fgriycri by the. repertory system
offers variety to thepubficand -work to the artists.. Page 12.

As It Takes Center Stage,
Nation Is Unsure of Role

Economic Power Faces the Challenge
Of Europe ’s New Political Landscape

Zoataitictt) Hoik) Trihane

The Limits of the German Model

By Joseph Fhchett

B erlin — officials m this
capital-in- the- making are
fond of saying that Germany,
now it is nnified, has become
a European counny like any other.
Does that normality imply conversely
that the rest of Europe is liable to be-
come increasingly hie Germany?

Other Europeans have learned to
doctor their currencies with German-
style anti-infiarion remedies, but they
are only now having to come to grips
with the other key parameters of the
German model: a decentralized politi-
cal structure and a doctrinal aversion to
government intervention in business.

These tenets are more troubling, partly
because they are not always what they
seem to be, partly because they dash
with die political cultures of major Euro-
pean Ccmummity nations.

After admiring the German example
from a safe political distance in the
1980s, the problem of dealing firsthand
-with Bonn’s orthodoxies has been a
bruising experience for diplomats, who

found their arms being twisted publicly
over recognition of Slovenia and Cro-
atia.

Perhaps even more in business, Ger-
man decision-makers have an ingr ained
sense duu their way is the right one, a
pride perhaps understandable m light of
their enviable record in managing their
economic and political interests.

Ironically, Germans’ self-satisfaction
does not necessarily mean that they are

S to colonize others. Rarely, says a
diplomat, are Germans “con-
sciously preaching to other countries
and companies, but they often sound
hegemonic because they are not yet voy
sensitive to apprehensions about their
way of wielding power.”

Partly because Germanic thorough-
ness means taking ideas to logical ful-
fillment, Germans often seem indmi-
datingly bent on promoting their
political and economic model for Eu-
rope — perhaps more they actually

mean to do.

Currently, Germany’s industrial and
serial market-philosophy is enjoying a
flattering fiuny of interest on the part
of France's rating Socialists and Brit-

ain's opposition Labor party, which
also professes admiration for the Ger-
man electoral system of proportional
representation to ensure a maximum of
democratic participation in the quest
for a national consensus.

In the longer run, however, the
unique features of the German model
seem unlikely to make much headway
in other major EC nations. For exam-
ple, Germany's vision of a “federal" EC
raises hackles because Britain, France,
Italy and Spain all have major problems
with separatists.

The German commitment to federal-
ism is rooted in strong decentralization
imprinted on postwar German democ-
racy; in four decades, it has produced
an equilibrium because a light political
superstructure can efficiently manage a
highly cohesive, even conformist, soci-
ety.

This unique social bedrock explains
why Germans are able to practice a na-
tional style that many foreigners admire
but few can emulate.

For anyone used to working in Paris,

Continued on page 8

By Richard E. Smith

F rankfurt — The triumph of

economics over politics at the end of
the Cold War has thrust Germany,
Europe’s economic giant, toward a
new role at the center of a Continent striving to
create the world's largest single market.

Bui Germans, not to speak of their neigh-
bors, are having trouble figuring out what that
role should be for a nation that has done so
much to alternately build and destroy the Con-
tinent over the past century. At the same time,
Germany will be gradually molding the New
Europe m its own image in several key ways.

For the present, some Germans seem nostal-
gic for the easier times and easier choices
before the fall of the Berlin WalL
When Europe's tectonic plates were locked
firmly in place by the Iron Curtain, West
Germany was able to devote nearly its full
attention to methodically creating the Conti-
nent's largest economy, the world's largest ex-
port machin e and one of its most stable curren-
cies.

But the revolutions of 1989 have redefined
the meaning of power in Europe with arresting
speed.

In the East, Mikhail Gorbachev’s disman-
tling of the Berlin Wall and European commu-
nism in general has defused the Continent's
major political confrontation and opened up
an area for economic development that spans
13 time zones.

In the West, Jacques Delors's vision of the
European Community looks set to proceed
much more rapidly toward economic than po-
litical union.

Suddenly finding itself with the strongest
hand toplay in both directions, with the Unit-
ed States inviting it to take a larger role and
with the rest of Europe half expecting and half
fearing that it wilL little wonder that many
Germans are confused aud hesitant.

“Whatever Germany does, it gets criticized,"
wails the daily Frankfurter AUgcmrine Zri-
tung. “The Germans have always done well
when they do not use all their weight,” cautious
the weekly Die ZriL

In a celebrated survey, poll-takers found
that Germans most admired Switzerland as a
role model so tidy, manageable and apart.

“The self-image is trailing behind the reality
and behind the perception abroad.” said Ekke-
hard Seifert, economist with Deutsche Bank,
Not surprisingly, the self-doubts are most
clearly visible in tbe political sphere. A key
experience was Bonn's decision to step beyoijd
the indecision of the European Community in
regards the Yugoslav quagmire by moving _to
recognize the breakaway states of Slovenia and
Croatia.

But the storm of controversy in an area
wbere German diplomacy had contributed to
violence in both world wars brought into stark
relief tbe dilemmas of any unila teral German
political action.

H ANS- Dieter Genscber, Germany^
long-serving foreign minister, 'is
trying to find economic solutions
to preempt political crises in East-
ern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
Along with other German politicians, he 4s
encouraging other nations to invest as much as
possible to foster tbe creation of stable democ-
racies so that Germany wfll not find itself at
the from line of chaos or violence in the East.

Mr. Gaucher has been notably active in
trying to mediate the conflict between Tokyo
and Moscow over Russia's possession of the
Kuril Islands, the issue which is preventing
billions in Japanese aid from flowing to Rus-
sia.

But although the Ger mans may not know
what they want or what they can do politically,
they know only too well what they want eco-
nomically: to build Europe’s economy in their
own image.

Tbe Bundesbank did a good deal to mold the
foundations for the planned European Mone-
tary Union and its central bank but this has not
prevented tbe eruption of a lively debate in
Germany about the wisdom of economic anion
with its neighbors.

The main point of contention is the mark,
symbol of stability and the passport to postwar
prosperity. Horst Kohler, state secretary in the
German Finance Ministry, said recently that
the mark was no less than “the absolute es-
sence of our political and economic m eanin g,
of our self-confidence."

The boulevard press agrees and has
launched volleys of panicked headlines accus-

Contfnued on page 10

«s$r -...u

Materials, components
and systems of high-tech

h p vte°°

A

THYSSEN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

Page 8

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

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into building up an extensive branch network in eastern
Germany. Our strategy of establishing a comprehensive
independent presence in the new German states has
proved successful.

There are more than 80 Commerzbank branches
operating in the former East Germany. By the end of
this year, their number will have risen to between 120
and 130.

Through its active involvement in eastern Ger-
many, Commerzbank can help its domestic and inter-
national clients profit from the new opportunities in
this market.

We are particularly proud that we opted to go our
own way. Building on our experience, know-how and
extensive human resources, we made a fresh start in
eastern Germany. Yet it was also a return to our old
roots: prior to the 1940s, Commerzbank maintained
more than 160 branches in this region.

Commerzbank is ideally positioned to help you

explore and develop the tremendous potential of east-
ern Germany. Our independent approach, backed by
substantial resources, makes Commerzbank a reliable
and responsive banking partner.

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Germany /A SpecudRefwrt

Economic Weight Spreads in East Europe

Need for Foreign Capital Overrides Misgivings of Germany s Natural Market*

/ ?•,>

By Tom Redbam

B ONN — When Chancellor Helmut
Kohl went to Prague late in February
to sign a friendship treaty with
Czechoslovakia's president, Vaclav
Havd, it was supposed to signal the end of an
era. “We have stood over too many graves and
shed too many tears,” Mr. Kohl said.

But even as the two leaders were trying to
put the bitter memories of World War Q be-
hind them, some Czechoslovak politicians
were expressing growing fears erf a new Ger-
man bavarian — iHn rinw*, not of mil
soldiers but of money and industry.

“We have to ask. what is German capital?”
Petr Pi than , prime minister of the Czech re-
public, queried in demanding a review of plans
by Mercedes-Benz AG to acquire two track
manufacturers. “Does it have the same geopo-
litical context as in the 1930s?”

Whatever the misgivings, however, Germa-
ny’s expanding business reach into Eastern
Europe offers the region its only realistic hope
for emerging from the economic disaster left
by more than four decades of communist rale.
Indeed, the Czech regional government ap-
proved the Mercedes joint venture last week.

“These countries are our neighbors,” said
JOxgen Obere, executive director for Eastern
Europe at Semens AG, the huge Munich-
based manufacturer specializing in electrical
equipment and electronics. “Germany is the
best partner they have in their goal of becom-
ing part of a wider Enropean Community. And

nomic role in Central and Easton Europe for
more than a century. Semens, for induce,
opened its first foreign outpost in SL Peters-
burg in 1 855, only eight years after the compa-
ny was founded. . . .

Even during the Cold War, whoi much of

the business dried up, Germany was the largest

Western trading partner of every country wiih-
‘ ihefonner Soviet empire. The Eastern Com-

m

mittee, an industrial group that helped: forge
business <fcals betwem Germany and the oio
Eas t bloc, has been active for nMOTthan 30
years. When the communist system coOapsed,
German bankers and industrialists mewed
quickly to fill the vacuum.

“It ls our natural market,” Otto W olff vo n
Amerongai. chairman of the Eastern Commit-
tee, told The Washington Post recently. “In the
end, this market win perhaps bring us to the

In fact, the heart of the canmlami
Eastern Europe is not so much that German
companies are investing too much, but ftw
others are investing too tittle,

“If this area is turaii» into a kind of Geonao

territory, it is because businesses from Attcd-
ca, France and the U.K. are not moving fes.
er ” said Heinrich Vogd, director. of the-Imj.
tute for East Enropean and Soviet Stadia n,
Cdogne.

Throughout the region, governments are by.

,r-

Western countries but they have shown tittle
inrimarinn to limit German interest.

“TTiefears of Goman domination have beta
exaggerated by certain politicians m hopes of

exploiting an issue.

for us, there is the opportunity for a profitable
s relationship."

long-tom business relationship.

Concentrated most heavily m Czechoslova-
kia, German wwinm i r influence is spreading
rapidly throughout Eastern Europe. Out of
more than 3,000 joint ventures already estab-
lished in OiyTyksifwairifl , more than a third are
with German firms, according to Business In-
ternational, a V ienna -based consulting compa-
ny that specializes in Eastern Europe.

Even more impressive, at least 80 percent of
the foreign capital that has entered the econo-
my has come from Germany. Volkswagen AG,
in the biggest single deal in Eastern Europe
since the fall of the Berlin Wall plans to pair
at least $5.5 billion into budding cars in
Czechoslovakia through its joint venture with
Skoda.

Gexmany is also the largest foreign investor
in Poland, although its stake there is far small-
er at only about $160 million. Indeed, Presi-
dent Lech Walesa urges German business to do
much more in Poland. Among the East Euro-
pean rartntriw* that have made significant

samp position we were in before World War I.

Why not?”

strides in moving toward capitalism, only Hnn-
nth slightly mac than half its fa

gary. with slightly more thm has its foreign
investment coming from U.S. companies, has a
widely diversified base of outside money.

It is no surprise that Germany has taken the
lead. Gomans have played the strongest eco-

~or German industry. Eastern Europe is
likely to prove a godsend in its rfart to ma in -
tain global competitiveness. German labor,
among the costliest in the wold, is driving
frinaness to look for cheaper alternatives. Al-
ready, Volkswagen and D aiml er-Benz have
suggested they cannot afford to build any new
factories in Germany.

That raises fears in sane circles that the
former East bloc will be turned into little more
than a low-wage workshop for Goman busi-
ness. But despite the well-publicized com-
plaints, particularly from Czechoslovakia,
about a German economic colonization of
Eastern Europe, business executives say they
have detected little real resentment so far.

“Semens has a good name in all these coun-
tries,” said Mr. Oberg. “That helps.”

Koerber, an executive vice president for the
Swiss-Swcdish hybrid, ABB Asea Brown Ba-
veri Ltd. “But in the real work! of day-to-day
business, it just doesn’t play a role.” 3

For now, most of Germany's attention is
focused on the immensely expensive task tf
reunification. Some big companies are already
putting down roots in Poland, Czechoslovakia
and Hungary in particular. But many more are
waiting cm the sjddmes as those nations arm.
gle to sort out their own legal systems, estahJafa
protections for private property, and derckm
the banking network and infrastructure nece-
sary to support robust economic growth.

But as German business expands more vig-
orously into Eastern Europe, the same difaa-
TTin that confronts Germany in its bat&wanl
rgg frtm section wiD arise in the rest of the
region once ruled by the Soviet Union.

Above ah. Germans save stability — both
economic and political — among their East
Enropean neighbors. But to aclneve that stabO-
hy, paradoxically, Bonn is finding that it nma
pursue a much more spendthrift econonncptf-
tcy than its cautious burghers are comfortable
with. On top of the staggering S100 bRUoa the
government is spending mnuafly in its eastern . & 5

half, Germany is already by far the latest fllTfl 1 H | ^ -

official donor to Eastern Europe and there- **

publics of the ex-Soviet Union. There are un-
doubtedly many extra expenses ahead.

“Germany’s bankers face the curse of in
generals: a two-front war,” explains Walter
Russell Mead, senior fellow far mtenn^mi
economics at the World Policy Institute in
New York. “On the Western front they seek to
maintain its reputation for stability and consis-
tency that has made the mark what it k On the
Eastern front they must pursue a fin*i»«l
policy that is much more expansionary, erca
reckless, by traditional West German stan-
dards.”

It is a paradox that promises to bedevil
Germany fa years to come.

^ i

TOMREDBURN is on the staff of the Interna-
tional Herald Tribune.

Stiff Medicine for Communism’s Orphans

By Richard E. Smith

F

RANKFURT — The Treuhandan-
stalt, the trust charged with privatiz-
ing most of the land and industry of
framer East Germany, is gradually

entering the short list of four-syllable German
words mat I

1 the rest of the world can pronounce.

The tongue-twister (pronounced TROY-
hahnt-ahn-shtalt) is becom i ng a familiar one as
it crops up more and more in advertisements in
foreign publications and in promotional semi-
nars from Saudi Arabia to New York.

There are few newscasters or prime ministen
who have not at souk pant had to wrestle with
the name of a body that in less than IS months
has sold some 6.000 companies for 20 billion
Deutsche marks (about $12 billion) and com-
mitted the buyers to invest another 120 billion
marks to safeguard a million jobs.

Its president, Birgit Bread, has made dear
that she wants to sell quickly as much as she
can so that she can basically close shop at the
end of 1994.

“Privatization is the best restructuring,” she
said, summarizing the basic philosophy of an
organization that from the beginning has firm-

Birgit Breuel

DPA

ty believed that the private sector can best hdp
. Germans shed era

East uennans shed communism.

That strategy reached a milestone when the

Treuhandanstalt proudly announced recently
fully lial

that it had sold fully half of the companies
inherited from the East German regime by the
end of January.

This is not to say that the Treuhandanstalt

has become any more popular.

lion leaders

Feelings among union leaders, politicians in
Eastern Germany and hundreds of thousands
erf unemployed have ranged from mistrust to
resentment to fury as the Treuhandanstalt pre-
scribed its stiff medicine.

Indeed, the assassination of Ms. Braid's
predecessor, Detiev Rohwedder, has never
been clarified.

The debate has evolved along classic and
familiar lines, pitting proponents of free mar-
kets against those pleading for more govern-
ment guidance, but rarely have the stakes been
so large, with roughly a third of former East
Germany’s once fully employed work force
now without work.

IG MetalL Germany’s largest union, has
steadily lobbied for the creation of a aster

organization to the Treuhandanstalt that
would work to restructure firms gradually
rather than try to 5 dl them off rapidly.

Horst Wagner, a union leader in the Beriin-
Brandenburg reman, said that soon there
would be no industrial companies left in his
region if the Treuhandanstalt pursues the route
of selling off or dosing down. Although some
Eastern regions such as Saxony and Thuringia
are already showing encouraging signs of
buoyancy, the more heavily populated smoke-
stack areas near Berlin could be stripped of
much of their industrial establishment and face
severe social problems.

Ms. Bread says that the union approach
would create “two classes” of companies, one
forced to [
market and 1
largesse.

It is not lost on East Germans, of course,
that two dasses already exist in prosperous
Western Germany, where the government has
long coddled steelworkers in the Ruhr, ship-
builders m Bremen and fanners everywhere.
With the costs of reunification soaring, Eco-
nomics Minister JQrgen MdUranann has made
dramatic promises to cut bade subsidies for
these groups but so far has not had much
success against their entrenched lobbies.

It is precisely those sorts of-loMnas-Mi.
Breuel wants to prevent from gainiilg an esrig
foothold in Eastern Germany, and she knows
that this requires clear-cut ami rapid action &
the beginning of the process.

Some of her haste can also be ascribed to
p olitical realism Once a regional finance and
economics minister, she realizes that a shift to
the left in the 1994 elections cookl severely
complicate her work if the Treuhandanstalt
fives modi beyond that year.

Many local and regional politicians are al-
ready spoiling for a showdown and a govern-
ment controlled by the Social Democrats in
Bonn would be much more sympathetic to
union demands for a dower approach.

Wolfgang Roth, economics spokesman far
the Social Democrats, has said that the govern-
ment is pleading over a “catastrophic develop-
trait" dial is creating “wide areas of de-indi#
triafization.”

At the same time, business leaders are pres-
suring Ms. Bread to move faster and are warn-
ing that any company held too kmg by the
Treuhandanstalt may bccrane suspect

Ms. Breuef s especially active campaign so
Ear this year has put a strong on

1 play by the tough rules of the private
nd the other sheltered by government

hiring foreign investors and an offering novel
approaches to privatization. She has actively
encouraged Western Germany’s large banks to
set up funds to adopt various companies in the
Trennandanstalf's ward and groom them for
independence or the market

DIH Deutsche Industrie-Holding AG,
founded by Deutsche Rank, has looked at
dozens of candidates and several other large
hanks have launche d similar vehicles.

Ms. Breuel is also receptive to die participa-
tion of local governments in the restructuring
of companies that are particularly important to
than. This hroader flexibility may be neces-
sary as time passes because many of the can-
ponies remaining for sale are small and mid-
sized firms, which are not so likely to attract
the big-ticket investors.

Nevertheless, Treuhandanstalt officials be-
lieve that roughly 70 percent erf die companies
remaining on its rosters can he groomed far
sale in roogfaly their present fans.

*■»

! r

*•/

of the Treuhandanstalt, they wSl see it as a

mndftl nf airmc fnr nritntmirina * mid Ndf-

model of success for privatization,” said Her-
bert Walter, economist erf D eutsche Bank.

Continued from page 7

London or Washington, the most striking Ger-
man peculiarity is the absence of a large, pow-
erful bureaucracy to represent the national
government’s interests.

To an almost unimaginable degree com-
pared with other major countries, the fedaal
government in Bom has little machinery for
managing the nation's economy, leaving room
for the Bundesbank and the commerdaTbanks
to handle fiscal and industrial questions.

Since local governments handle every issue
that they can, including education and regional
development, the federal government controls
mainly international questions.

The lightness of the German bureaucracy,
rooted in the Germans' fears of the dangers of
a centralized and therefore coerrive system,
has become a problem for the Bom govern-
ment now (bat Germany is being called upon
to assume so many new international responsi-
bilities.

a from any machinery that might be
or overt authoritarianism, Germans
therefore rdy heavily on consensus, a notion
coupled with inristance on dear rules so that
everyone knows exactly what is expected.

That consensual approach ensures unity and
continuity m a venture and, perhaps even more

importantly, it satirfies an ingrained con c ern
among Germans to elimina te unpredictability.

While other nationalities often react defen-
avdy to German insistence cm signposting
every step of the way in a business or diplomat-
ic relationship, the G ermans actually are seek-
ing for themselves to know where they are
gang. Once convinced, they demonstrate an
almost unshakable confidence in their part-
ners.

Such a mechanical-sounding approach often
irritates foreigners as a symptom of German
smugness —Tot example, is their denials of
Germany’s .unavowed industrial policy.

True, it is not set by the government, but
business and financial leaders 1 consensus pro-
duces the same results, writes Michel Albert,
author of a recoil book, published in France

with its iMririim tradition, has numerous,

flTllJn II- -'■* - -.1 *

' for getting long-term

banks and insurance companies — and not
from the stock market, as AndoBaxon 0
□its do — is rooted in a fundamentally

risks that they choose.

German businesses work cooperatively in a
that French and British competitors can
' 7 , not emulate _ ^ provides

- jabits that result in effective oantariff

barrios. For example, pre fe rential insurance
premiums are available to plants that eqffip
themselves with German-mara: technologies, 8 ^
kgedly because these systems are known to
German actuaries and so the risks can be quan-
tified.

Many of these fundamental nt*i*nHes teas
undergo change, however, as Germany stops
being a ward to U.S. innovations in tnansgC”
meat and to U.S. political protection- The®-
trends, which benefited Germany dsprop 0 **
tionaidy, may have allowed some Gomans to
overrate their own prowes s .

largest

state-owned insurance groups, says that Conti,
oental Europe concaves of insurance as &
collective sharing of overall risks by a limited
number of companies. Is contrast, Bri tain,

_ Foils show, L* «

gives tim largest credit for '■■■■» na —-— — 1
power and reamting Germany to West 'w —
initiatives, sot to US. strength aid NATO
unity. That assumption is fikriy in need icthBjfr
ing as Germany finds that it has to start ptQVW*
mg real leadership.

JOSEPH FTTCHETT is an the
International Herald Tribute*

INTERNATI01VAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Page 39

, ^

®*al Market'

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Germany I A Special Report

Economy Slumps to 'the Razor's Edge'

SRxSsi?*^

gjJ3-L dtacta’Sat

“ 00 Md Solid

tesW
S*SSX?i

F RANKFURT— A year a§5hardr
ly anyone wrakt haw predicted a
serious slump in Gexmanfs ccon-
onr^. It was forging ahead at a
zobost.grqwm rate of more than 4 pereentv
ptearaotiy surpiidiig even the professional

signs of fife continually fficker hut never
seem to lead to a convincing upswings Japan
is entering a difficult period and most of
Western Europe is stra g glin g with various
degrees of diagjshness.

Although election-year camp ai gn riietoric
in the united States, Britain and France

" — gKCiti.t. ^

ivaertnan dominjii. n v

r«tua pcLiu-un, J..S*

Ebc&(
. . ‘‘■‘Q

But since then, it has been nearly all bad
news: & ringgjrii wodd economy unaUe to
dsorb its usual quota of German exports;
angiy rakes daiming diey ifid not get flair
fil share in Germany^ rigbt previous years
of /imhdBmnrtBft growth; an inflatirm rate
sopasring mat in the United States ami
France; soaring transfers of funds to Eastan

make it all the more difficult to read the
prospects, Goman exporters have little rea-
son at the moment to be optimistic, with
their orders sagging even in such recently
booming sectors as autos and machinery.

the Bundesbank has raised its leading rates
right times over thelast two years to postwar
record levels.

Since the unions are the Bundesbank's
major nemesis in beading off a price-wage
spiral, aggressive wage demands by IG Me-
taH could force the bank to keep rates at high
levels for months.

Among other effects, these rates force
many of Germany’s neighbors to keep their
own rates high since their currencies arc
interlocked with the mark in the grid of the

'A final blow came when East Germans,
losing jitos while prices’ soared, drastically
cot boot spending m the middle of last 3
Tte “ramification effect,” which had

lie grand showdown will come later this spring when IG
Metall, the country’s largest union representing 3.6
million metal workers, settles into serious negotiations.

tm !

tames nearly everywhere else, <
car rive the crucial extra, boost,
tort

jecoor.
iDolong-

of faffing growth and a J
is not out of The question.

. Gaman basintsancn and politicians are
aQthemoroncxvoiisbecanreiii^haveviri^
ally no control aver the two factoss that
migh t spue Germany a longcr-tenn stamp:
.wadd economic recovery and low wage cfc-
Jtaada; .

- Long the wodd's hugest csroorter, Germa-
ny has. always been acutely se native to'
tmads in the world economy and it is not
surprising that exporters are confused at the
moment about their prospccts.

Ihe U.S. economy, the kejr to a broader
global recovery, remains a riddle as new

The country's export muchim* started the
year with one of its weakest performances in
years as December's trade surplus of 5,1
taffion Deotsche marks (about S3 billion)
evaporated to only 100 mfTtin n maHni in
January and the coon try posted a recoord
correal account deficit
At home, the behavior of the unions is
similarly b affling for economic forecasters.

Various unions are trying various tacky
but the grand showdown wffleeme later this
spring when IG Metall, the country’s largest
union representing 3.6 milKnn metal work-
ers, settles into serious negotiations.

The Bundesbank has said that wage settle-
ments should be below 6 percent and some
economists say that anything over that harri-
er ccnU be tlw factor that would tip Germa-
ny into a longer-lasting slowdown.

the Bundesbank's warnings are not idle.
■With inflation stoked by previous wage set-
tlements and by the strains of ramification,

that

Monetary Systran. The result is
not only provokes their wrath
by preventing Ibera from reviving their econ-
omies with Tower rates, it also effectively
cripples the very economies that normally
?rt the most from Germany and could
Germany out of its own stamp,
lomisls had long hoped that German
rales might be cut as eariy as this summg but
many are getting worried that it may take
longer to rein in inflation.

In the meantime, businessmen are getting
more somber. A survey by the G erman Eco-
nomic Institute, a leading research center,
showed recently that 30 of 39 associations
representing all major industrial and service
sectors were pessimistic about 1992. A year
earlier only nine had been pessimistic.

“You cannot forget the punishing cumnla-
tive effect of rates winch stay at these levels
month after month,” said Richard Reid,
economist with UBS Phillips & Drew.

Even Economics Minister Jttrgen Molle-
maim noted recently In his monthly econom-
ic report d»t Goman firms suffered the
third consecutive year of shrinking profit
margins in 1991.

“It is at the razor’s edge." he said in a
recent broad assessment of the economy.
“The prevafling mood is very negative."

While Weston Germany hovers at the
edge; Eastern Germany remains on its own
tryck. Mathematically, the two Gennanys
have switched roles from last year, when
Western Germany was surging and Eastern
Germany collapsing. This year the East
looks set to grow by roughly 10 percent while
the West wallows.

But the numbers are deceptive. They mask
the fact that Eastern Germany is bottoming
out from a trough so deep that a third of the
work force is effectively unemployed. The
Bundesbank estimates that Eastern Germa-

ny will need net transfers of roughly 180
bQh 1

lion marks from Western Germany this
year after drawing 140 billion marks in 1991.

Heinrich Weiss, president of the Federal
Association of German Industry, noted that
private investment is growing in Eastern
Germany and that this is (he key to long-
term development. He estimated that West
Ger man firms are likdv to invest more than
30 billion marks in 1992, up from 25 billion
marks last year. Overall investment amounts
to about a third of the area’s gross regional
product-

But Mr. Weiss cautioned that unemploy-
ment would continue to grow since produc-
tivity levds in the East srnl trail those in the
West by a wide margin. He and most econo-
mists say that the East may have clearly
bottomed out but that its recovery is spotty
and so far really only convincing in the
construction industry.

Unification Strains p Social Market 9 Philosophy

This analysis of Germany’s sodal welfare system was written by
Robert Gerald Ltm&urn, who directs the American Institute for
Contemporary German Studies at Johns Hqpkim Umrentty. Mr.
Liringaon was president of the German Marshall Fund of the United
States from 1977 to IS81.

W ASHINGTON —
Recession, spiral-
ing unification
costs, and trade
union demands far greatly in-
creased wage-benefit packages

have spotlighted the soaal side of

Germany's sodal market econo-
my. Will it now be necessary to
sacrifice or at least limit some of
the generous social wdfare bene-
fits that are part erf every Ger-
man's way at fife?

Social justice has been a guid-
ing principle of Germany’s eco-
nomic system since the eariy days
of the Federal Republic. It is a
principle that frfttst 'as -firinfy
anchored in the ueanari canso- .
tatioa as democracy and federal-
ism. Article 20 states that Ger-
many is “...a democratic and
social federal state.”

Elusive as sodal justice may be
as a concept, it is one that per-
vades the German constitution,
the entire political culture, and
the social market economic sys- -
tem. Tim constimtian (Article 14)
expressly obliges those owning
propertyto use it for the common
good. The government is re-
quired both to protect the weak
and to effect a social and regional
redistribution Of incnmft fry the
sake of equity.

The pome objective of the
German politico-economic sys-
tem is not necessarily to ehnri-
nale social conflict tart to contain
it and channel it constructively.
Baric to tins end is “sodal part-

. nerstap,” a concept that was
anathema to Margaret Thatcher
but is widely influ ential in Conti-
nental Europe nevertheless. It
calls for erqplqyeirf organiza-
tions, the muons, and usually
government to cooperate in man-
aging eennnmie ir K t i hi t i nns in

ways that promote consensual
outcomes.

Responsible for such socialis-
tic ideas were less the Sodal
Democrats than the Christian
Democrats of the 1950s and
1960s. For Chancrikir Konrad
Adenauer's domestic societal
consolidation ranked along, with
international integration into
Western -ftustitiifinnK, p rimari l y
NATO and the European Com-
munity, as the two palLara of post-
war Germany. Adenauer repeat-
edly overrode the free market
indmations of his economic min-
ister, Ludwig Erhard, and also
the budget constraints of his fi-
nance monsters to push through
sodal programs. -

C fttbofto social th ough* origi-
nating in Adenauer’s Khindand
lay behind the“propoty obliges”
article of the constitution asd
also much of the ensuing social
legislation. The intdlec tim l fa-
ther of the social market econo-
my, Professor Alfred MfiDer-Ar-
nodLcdCdogae, regarded it as a
“third way” between socialism
and laissez-faire capitalism. The
aim of the system's redistributive
dements, as pursued by Adenau-
er, was to preserve orating sodal

million more people, the East
Germans, who had hitherto nev-
er paid a pfennig into the funds
out of winch such
financed.

progr am s are

Konrad Adenauer

un

structures and property rdaium-

: key institotkais, ref rated
to as a “magic triangle ” by the
leading American scholar of Ger-
many's political systexn, Petra
Katzenstdn, characterize the
comprehensive German wdfare
state:

in 1957, and based on a
“solidarity pact” between young
workers mid old retirees.

• The Sodal Welfare Act of
1961, which altered the entitle-
ment concept toward providing
assistaiKX to those “temporarily”
needing help.

• Creation, in 1969, of a highly
interventionist labor market poli-
cy, which linked assistance to the
unemployed with vocational
training and retraining.

Present economic strains have
arisen in part because, like all
other West German institutions,
these three began to be applied in
their entirety after 1989 to 17

U NIFICATION pro-
vided the best proof
of the priority the
G erman system as-
signs to social welfare: Unity
within the sodal wdfare system
in fact actually preceded consti-
tutional union. As soon as the
Berlin Wall feD, every one of the
hundreds of thousands of East
Germans moving west immedi-
ately became bemffdaries of the
West Ge rman sodal wdfare pro-
grams, from unemployment
benefits to health insurance and
virtually everything in between.

Significantly, too, what was
first, in February 1990, an-
nounced as a forthcoming “eco-
nomic and monetary” union, as
the first step toward full political
anion, became within two
months a promised “social”
union. The economic, monetary
and social union went into effect
cm July 1. 1990, three months
before political unification.

East Germans wanted not only
the Deutsche mark, but all the
Federal Republic’s sodal welfare
benefits as wdL
Besides unemployment insur-
ance, which antedates the 1950s,
it is without doubt the assistance
to those East Germans “tempo-
rarily” in need and activist labor
policy measures for those laid off
that have so far staved off social
unrest in the five eastern states.

Job creation plans and retrain-
ing courses administered by the
Federal Labor Agency, which

also provides the payment to the
jobless, have been essential as the
East German work force is
downsized from 9.5 million at
unification to somewhere near
five million during this year.

The sodal and redistributive
principles of the sodal market
economy provide the rationale
also for the massive transfer of
funds from West to East Germa-
ny since 1990. The constitution
mandates that the federal gov-
ernment try to equalize condi-
tions of life throughout the coun-
try. To do this in the framer East
Germany will require annual
transfers of at least 100 billion
Deutsche marks (about $60 bil-
lion) until probably the end of
the century.

Consequences of implement-
ing such a broad array of sodal
ptrficks in East Germany now as
well as in the West are worri-
some. Big tax hikes have been
required. Government borrowing
has skyrocketed. The rote of the
state, which the Christian Demo-
crats (CDU) and Free Demo-
crats (FDP) promised to reduce
when they came in a decade ago,
has instead ballooned in the last
two years. Today, government
expenditures are again approach-
ing 52 percent of gross domestic
product

But so far, the CDU and the
FDP have been able to heed that
sodal conscience that is an inte-
gral dement of the Federal Re-
public's approach to economic
pobeymaking. They understand
that Germany’s economic suc-
cess since Adenauer's time not
only permitted the social wdfare
state out required iL

YOU WANT TO SPEAK GERMAN,
SPEAK TO US FIRST!

155 CULTURAL INSTITUTES IN 73 COUNTRIES.
16 INSTITUTES IN GERMANY
100.000 STUDENTS PER YEAR.

X

PLEASE SEND ME FREE DETAILS OF YOUR
LANGUAGE COURSES IN GERMANY OR IN

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GERMANY
TEL: 089-4 1868-0
FAX. 089*41868-450

WTO) AM

Europe, Apple Pie and Mark

Continued from page 7

chancellor candidate of the Sodal Democrats, who
has jolted Ins party by bad-mouthing the Maastricht
compact.

Like every other politico, these folks go to party
meeting s where they have recently gotten an earful
about “them” trying to get a hand an “our” Deutsche
mark to debauch il with inflationist profligacy. They
also read the opinion polls, which deliver a caution-
ary tale to Enrope-fireters. A recent RAND study
had this to report: Wtam it comes to “strengthening
the internal market,” the German multitudes (85
percent) declare themselves in favor. But only 48
percent opt for “creating a common currency.” Ditto
for “political union” (only 44 percent) and a “Euro-
pean defense” (40 percent).

Little wonder. For decades, “Europe” was a re-
mote and abstract entraprise whose impact, large as it
was, hardly struck the consdousness of Kerr Schultz
and Fran MflUer. “Europe” was tons of paper devot-
ed to a common “rape oil order” or an endless
succession of summits whose communique nobody
bothered to decipher. Sure, separate and faster chan-
nels for EC dtizens at Immigr ation and creme fraiche
in the supermarket were nice, but no reason for
aban donin g Bonn in favor of Brussels.

But Maastricht did fait home. Money is something
everybody understands. More important, “our hard
Deutsche mark” is probably the only national sym-
bol every Goman, whether ktft or right, young or old,
truly reveres. Given World Wars I and n as well as
the sony record of German democracy in between,
there are precious few other sources of pride for 20 th-
century Germans. If there is nationalism in Grama-
ny it is not Ikuischlmd tiber aJIes but Deutsche mark
alles.

ma tter how stability-muxted the charter of the Euro-
bank might be.

The issue goes deeper stQL For decades, “Europe”
has been the German equivalent of motherhood and
apple pie — an unassailable mark of political virtue.
And a profitable policy, to boot For a defeated,
discredited country, membership in the European
dub was a dr eam bargain. By giving up small slices of
sovereignty, the West Germans gained the whole pie,
as it were: first rehabilitation and respectability, then
a community that would cocoon West Germany's
resurgence, and finally a commanding voice in the
entire enterprise.

Economically, the bargain was just as lucrative.
Markets lost in the East were replaced by much richer

outlets in the West They fuded an export-led boon

n of Em

that tamed Germany into the Japan of Europe. But
now, all these profits have been absorbed- And the
Cold War is over. The Russians are going home, and
Germany is reunified. The shackles of dependence
have fallen away, and for the Germans, “Europe” is
no longer Western Europe but the whole Continent

For a defeated, discredited
country, membership in
the European club was a
dream bargain.

Even if the D-Mark were not on the table, the
Germans would have taken a harder look at their
traditional EC priorities. To give up sovereignty was
an easier habit when (West) Germany was a less-

tkm-soverdgn country. But with reunification,^ the

‘ ' : Foi

The D-mark is an unbroken success stray that
ttimw even more brig htly when compared to tee
Reichsmark. Twice in this century savings were
wiped out. once in 1923 through hyperinflation and
a gain in 1948, when currency reform left everybody
with exactly 40 “new” marks in his pocket- Since
then, the D- mar k has climbed from 4 2 to tee dollar
to 1 . 6 , and from 20 marks to the pound to less than 3.

EMU, the acronym for European Monetary
Union, of losing it all again — unless, as
Messrs. Kohl, Waigcl and Helmut Schlesinger (tee
head of the Bundesbank) surely hope, Germany
manages to stay in charge. Bat why would Frankfurt
stay in charge? Today, the Bun d esbank enjoys the
best erf all possible wofids. All of Europe is a de facto
Deutsche mark bloc. If Germany, with close to 5
percent inflation, jacks m? interest rates, France, with
rativ 3 percent, has to follow. But when 12 nations are
at the helm, that exalted position will be lost, no

last remnants of tee Four Power regime were lifted,
and now, self-assertion comes more naturally. It was
West Germany’s penchant for seeking influence
through community that, in many ways, drove tee
integration venture. Throttle that engine, and the
process may well slowdown, especially since enlarge-
ment, through admission of the framer neutrals and
then of tee East Europeans, will not bolster tee ECs
unity of purpose.

Perhaps, historians will one day look back at
Maastricht as the high point (and turning point) of
European integration, when there was nothing more
left to integrate than money, taxes, defense and
diplomacy — precisely those items, unfortunately,
that define the hard core of national sovereignty. At
any rate, don't bet on a “United Slates of Europe” as
quickly as you can say “EMU.”

JOSEF JOFFE Is foreign editor and a columnist of the
Suddeutsche Zeitimg in Munich

l

High-flying ideas,
excellent prospects.

With its central location, Cologne has
long been a stepping stone to Europe
for multinational companies. At the
same time the city is the centre of
the German insurance industry, home
to leading German business asso-
ciations and an international trade-
fair venue hosting mega events

like ANUGA and PHOTOKINA. In
Cologne, more than anywhere else in
Germany, the media is the message.
The WDR, Europe's biggest public
service broadcasting corporation,
Deutsche Welle, Germany's overseas
radio service, and RTL plus, Ger-
many's leading commercial TV
station, are all located here. Not to
mention numerous publishing houses.
What's more, the new 2 million sq. ft
MediaPark begun in 1990 will ensure
Cologne plays a significant port in
future media developments, as well
as providing the city with unique
communications facilities.

To find out more about Cologne’s
potential for high-flying ideas, just
write, fax or give us a call.

Office of Economic Development
Rkhatlutr. 2-4, 5000 Koln i, Germany
Telephone: ;0'2 21/2 21 • 51 23, F a*. 21/2 21 - 66 86

COLOGNE

Page 10

CSTERNATIONAL H ERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Germany I A Special Report

* *■

Berliners Hope Expansion
Will Help Pay Unity Bill

By Ann Brocklehorst

ERL IN —As the costs of unification
prove more of a strain on Berlin's
finances than the expense of maiij-
taming a divided city ever did. politi-
cal and business leaders are counting on a
major economic expansion to ease the pres-
sure.

They believe that the German government 5
decision to move from Boon to Berlin will
attract business and generate tax revenues in a
way that was never possible during the Cold
War years. But before the city is able to cut ity
dependence on federal government funds, it is
receiving lavish sums to help it pay for Che
overhaul of East Berlin's rotting infrastructure
and the merging of its eastern and western
halves into one modem city.

Of its total 1992 budget of 41.88 billion
Deutsche marks ( about 525 billion), Berlin will
receive 38 percent in subsidies from the Ger-
man government, raise 13 percent through new
borrowing and generate 26 percent through
taxes.

Finance Senator Elmar Pieroth said the debt
level, one that would be considered irresponsi-
ble under normal circumstances, was unavoid-
able given the magnitude of the job to be done.

“We have no other choice,” he said in an
interview. “We can’t build the Wall back and
make the East stay at the level it is today."

East Berlin’s needs range from sewer equip-
ment to telecommunications systems and in-
clude just about everything in between. Both
East and West Berlin need housing, efficient
power generating and distribution equipment,
and belter road connections to each other and
the ret of Germany.

While it is clear that many improvements
have already ban made — public transporta-
tion runs efficiently between East and West
and the phone lines across town are no longer
as impossibly busy as they once were — there
remains more work to be done than originally
estimated. The Berlin and German govern-
ments have already begun negotiations to ex-
tend payments from the special German Unity
Fund beyond the planned cutoff date of 1995.
Also being discussed is the timetable for the
federal government’s move to Berlin. While
Berlin is lobbying for it to lake place as soon as
possible, the federal government seems to want
to postpone both tbe move and the accompa-
nying bills until the late nineties.

' Earlier this year, Bonn even floated a trial
balloon, suggesting some ministries should re-
main where they are.

“The move is more difficult than expected,”
said Siemens AG Vice President Joachim Putz-
mann, chief of the electrical and electronics
company’s Berlin administration. While he is
optimistic about Berlin's future, Mr. Putzmann
said there are still very few decision- makers in
the city and German business needs to see the
government back in Berlin before it relocates
key people and operations.

The pace of Berlin's expansion will be par-
tially reflected in tbe growth of the city's taxes,
which are targeted to triple to 18.5 billion
marks in 1995 from 6.09 billion marks in 1990.

Mr. Pieroth said 4 billion marks erf the increase
wall come from new economic activity in East
Berlin. 3 billion marks from general economic
growth and 3 billion marks from the phasing
out of the lax breaks granted to West Berlin
business before unification, when tbe West

German government compensated co mp a n ie s
for the disadvantage of their geographic and
economic location in the middle of East Ger-
many.

The loss of the tax breaks is proving to have a

variety of effects, often depending on the typeof
business involved. Retail ere, who have been
flooded with new customers from Eastern Ger-
many. and producers of consumer goods and
foodstuffs, who have found it relatively easy to
boost their sales in the newly accessible sur-
rounding markets, will lend not to suite.

But other companies, such as the pharmaceu-
tical and chemical giant Schermg AG, say prof-
its are being hit despite an aggressive sales and
marketing push into CentraTand Eastern Eu-
rope. “Tbe structure erf the economy in these
countries and the lack of hard currency has
complicated our plan to increase sales,” said
Horst Kramp, a member of Scbering's executive
board. “In the short term, we can’t compensate
for our higher costs through increased sales so
we must save wherever we can."

Although Sobering, the only major German
company that currently has its headquarters in
Berlin, does not plan to cut either jobs or
investment, its rationalization program and
comparable cost-cutting at other firms has had
a ripple effect on the Berlin economy.

The owner of a small language school who
expected business to improve thanks to in-
creased demand from East Berliners keen to
learn English has seen any such benefit can-
celed out as regular corporate customers have
cut back on extras.

Small business has also been squeezed by the
skyrocketing rates for office rental and the
sharply higher costs of land.

A LTHOUGH there have been nu-
merous calls for the government to
control the rise of property and
rental costs both for business and
housing, Mr. Pieroth said Berliners most adapt
to the prices, which are no higher than in other
West German rides.

Despite tbe greater influence of market
forces in both East and West Berlin’s economic
life neither business leaders or politicians en-
visage a day when the city will be able to do
entirely without government support Berlin
will always need a certain amount of help to
pay for its many expensive cultural and educa-
tional institutions. As a consequence of its
history as a divided city, Berlin has separate
museum systems, universities, national theater
companies and opera houses. While some of
the museum collections can be merged and a
few of the smaller theaters privatized. Berlin
believes that in its role as Germany’s capital, it
is crucial io keep the rest

ANN BROCSLEHWtST is a business jour-
nalist based in Berlin.

A. Tinncabaan/Syga*

City planners cite Berlin's traffic problems as the biggest task facing them.

Reinstated Capital Struggles to Mop Up

By Conrad de Aenlle

B ERLIN — The ecological trauma
that Germany’s largest city must
cope with is among the most acute
and widest in scope in Eastern Eu-
rope. Berliners must not only mop up after 45
years of environmental neglect under the Sovi-
et-supported regime, they must handle the or-
dinary waste and pollution problems of any
city of 4 milli on while also trying to put its two
halves back together.

“Berlin is in one way special.” compared
with the rest of Eastern Germany, said Patricia
Werner, a spokeswoman for the Berlin State
Senate's office for the environment and devel-
opment. “You have so much housing and in-
dustry. There is so much soQ polluted by oil
and other substances. In some cases, we don't
know where it is. It's sort of like a bomb.”

She offered the example of Th alnumn Park.
Agas plant was dosed in East Berlin around 20
years ago. Tbe building was razed, and the
toxic chemicals inside were dumped in the soil
and covered up.

“Years later, you saw a nice pork, but you
didn't know what you were walking on,” Ms.
Werner said. “We did tests and found that the
sofl was so polluted, the houses around it will
have to be taken down.” Many residents near
the park have complained of feeling 31. she said.

Tbe most egregious examples of industrial
pollution in Germany are concentrated in the
area north of Leipzig! around Halle and Bitter-
fdd. Even though some of the worst offenders,
such as the Bitrerfeld aluminum plant, have
been shut down, many others remain open.
Christian Kolh. an official with the Green
League ecology group, said in a report on envi-
ronmental problems in Eastern Germany. He
died brown-coal- fired power plants, as well as
Bitterfeld's chemical and pesticide facilities.

To the casual observer. Bitterfeld is an awful
place. Even now. more than two years after tbe

Iron Curtain was opened, the sky above the
town is hazy on otherwise clear days, and a
jaunt through its streets can leave a visitor with
a dry, scratchy throat and a desire to leave as
quickly as possible.

While Berlin is not a hard-cord industrial
region tike Bitterfeld, the industry that is there
is surrounded by far more people. Cleanup
weak in Berlin is proceeding, but much of the
activity involves taking inventory of the dam-
age and drawing up an ecological blueprint for
the years ahead.

“There are 6,000 places with environmental
poisoning, where cnemical or other poisons
have damaged the ground," said Klaus Haftril
a Senate spokesman. “Most of them arc in the
east of Berlin, around dd factories. The prob-
lem is there's no plan at the moment on how
this damag e can be repaired.”

It is not even certain how tbe damage can be
assessed. Daudi Werner, an ecological consol-
taut in Berlin who monitors waste sites, said a
law recently went into effect mandating the
cleanup of toxic ground, but “there’s no defini-
tion of what contaminated sofl is."

Before any cleanup can begin in earnest, it
most be derided whom to send tbe bfll to.

"It's very difficult to sell these state-run
plants from former times,” Mr. Haitzil said,
“because the new owners would be responsible
for repairing the damage. They’re asking that
the state repair the damage before they buy the
land.” That’s something the state can hardly
afford to do.

“There's not so much money here, so we go
about it in small steps," said Ms. Werner, the
Senate representative. This year the Senate has
budgeted 66.5 million Deutsche marks, or
about $40 milli on, for cleanup work.

An additional 100 million marks has been set
aside for city planning activities, such as allevi-
ating Berlins traffic congestion, winch officials
say may be tbe biggest task faring than.

To combat auto pollution, Ms. Werner said.

the Senate is planning to dose the city cen ter to
all cars not equipped with catalytic conveners,
su ch as Trahan is and Wart burgs, the East
German smoke bombs on wheels still seen in
the city. Officials are also pressing manufactur-
ers to design new converters to make cars run
cleaner. But corporate Germany has so far not
been especially forthcoming in the ecology
effort, city officials say.

“We have great firms that want to invest
here,” Ms. Werner said, “but they are playing
with the minis tries" to ha vc their projects ap-
proved with a minimum of environmental con-
cessions.

B Y contrast, authorities are getting
plenty of public support, at least in
the western half of the city. Ka-
DeWe, a city landmark that is the
largest department store in Continental Europe,
has a recycling center in its sixth-floor food
pavilions. And at every cashier's desk, customers
can pay an extra mark to have their purchases
stuffed in an “environment bag,” a doth sack
that presumably is kinder to the planet.

Residents also scrupulously practice the un-
savory task of dividing up their garbage. Under
what is called the “Berliner Model” Ms. Wer-
ner said, “we have containers concentrated in
the housing areas, one for glass, one for paper,
one for everything else. It’s working.”

She said that in a few months, containers
will be set op for disposal of “green point”
items, goods packaged m a more environment-
friendly way. Manufacturers wiQ be forced to
take back tbe packaging and recycle it; in
return, they get to charge more for iL
What is interesting is that consumers are
wilting to buy the green point products. One
cynical Berliner said, “It’s the one thing Ger-
mans don’t mind paying more for.”

CONRAD DE AENLLE is a Paris-based writ-
er specializing in economic and financial topics.

Center Stag
But Unsure
Of Its Role

Continued from page 7 :

mg Bonn of “giving away” the mark at
bar's meeting in Maastricht where the treaties i
for political and monetary union wntari^ 1
More sophisticated voices also ham serious 3
questions. Ounar I san& chief of the Baades-
bank’s ec o n o mics department, made apdajQf .<
warning recently that the Maastricht treaty
may have set out rules that are too lenient on <
inflation control budget deficits and national a
debt. > 3

Such deep-seated feelings make it likely that ’-I '
the run-up to monetary union over the aaumr If
decade is tikety to be marred by festoH» a
grudges and nasty outbreaks. The Burufa. "
bank, statutorily responsible fa- bolding G&
pian inflation low, will crack the whip with
high rates and keep forcing others to toe a -
similar tine, giving a taste of the price fa ;

Germany’s long-envied monetary stability; r

The postwar German formula has been 1
mane tnun a little shaped by the country's
federal structure. Its Linder, or states, have >
always had considerable autonomy in obotraat -■ f
to the mere centralized economies of some
other European Community stales, notably -
France. ?

The run-up to monetary
union is likely to be marred
by festering grudges. ’

West Germany's postwar OrdhuygpoBtik, a ■’
for mula *bar nrmi mixes state p lanning “

aged tbe economy to grow organically within ‘
certain dearly set roles. In contrast, the post- *
war French economy has been mafori by

/■jS

■■ ■?:<'
i :

• S'

al .

states have found various formu-
las between the extremes but the German mod-
el is steadily gaining ground.

“Under pressure from the younger genera-
tion, we have been decentralizing and Paris,
formerly the heart and lung of tbe nation, b
having to yield power,” wrote Eric Le Boucher
economics editor of Le Monde in an essay
about the steady “Germanization” of Franctr
Since Germans hold the strongest cards.hu.
Continent where economic development looks
set to be the focus of tbe 1990s. they are also
likely to shape the emerging monetary onion
more than anyone else.

But their self-image, already fragile and un-
developed, may not develop without pm-
When Prognos AG, a Swiss research firm,
recently polled European executives to ask if
Germany was seeking hegemony in Europe, 92
it of tbe Germans said no wtrik nearly
“ those from other countries said yes.

RICHARD E. SMITH is the lntentatumd
Herald Tribune's correspondent in Frankfurt.

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Tel. (89) 21 62-26 42
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Bayern

The Quality Edge
in the New Europe

VC'" ri -T "’ • - : ’ - • - • -X;- .,.;’• . T F .^'Z *7"-\

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Page 11

'.:4V

Germany /A Spe&dRejjort

WfpMn page 7

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ES;^.^ K&fi

|p«of tongniae and inda%

toad 'annus ton*.
BftBBKS bui Ac CermaaM
■if gruorai. .

ne from the younger p^. ,
tot sktdtrjliziac aad h
at and hi=g of the iuiq.
»w' «wx Enc Le Bo&
* fl# lx; Monde :r, an aaf
fGeraxir^aJUon" .if
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■ftttecrtc dneLipmailab
■I <4 she IWk. they « to
kt *aa&z$. snixteur. am
acctie

g < p . already fr^-jad®
dkh develop >:;hea pa
AG. ft Sanaa rccrdi fire
Lj-i-oeafl euecui.-.e. ip asU
hscjpsatj^ Exvpt t
i*353tE> Mid r. ahifc iiaS
S owtrc' • ad vei

*Mtni

■ : *S1EZJG ^ Wheats :

1 breqht Hartge and £tef-
■‘■4an Wtohcr first
hereafter the iron Gar- ",
tjjn dffiK ikwxi, tocydncussed

dang woqld;
sanity |?m demand jntoe wmiy .
Ebeased' German states tent-,
{Q^CoQtoBctkaj'^na^.ftocsi be : ;
bo ^yawtR , ' they figured, arid -oace
jbeiutndes wtmup. toe inadto

'ii- vi r: -:-. : •'•

lapsed araana me nation
of jrang sudi a business, bat
after •sgfee:j^^s-siy incomes,
toenH toar idea aade and Mr.
Ttetoi^etiigned ^ his job at a
lar^Mrauch ranamnoe cougar

uy ^^fitk'niy xmnd arid on the
flest* to recalled. -
Some months later, though, Mr.
Walton; who bad owned* small
Bphffc lenrliBEmpKmEastGentui-
ny.offloatosay hehadbcR^htaa
nr frriur design company in Leipzig
from toe Treaihandaostak, the
a m*? created to privatise; East
(jeatian enttiprises. md the two
hecaraepartoers. - ••■.•■. • ...

~We taDttd about the business,
the fiaxnttme, -and I got interest-
ed," Mr. Hartge said man inler-
view at ihe Hotel Stadt Lam, .
where their firm, Bernhardt Ob-
kit + Design, is doing an over-
hanTof the interior. ' - '

The company also refurbishes
restaurants, schools, sonar housing
projects, offices and conference
centers. Revermes this year toodld
be dose to IS uriffion Deutsche
nudes, or S1I naffion; he sad —
not bad far ftbasinesg bcogjit Jfor 2
imffion DM less dian a year ago.

“Ifs a new situatien here. and .
new opportunities are anan& M he
contoamd “It’s kind of fifce m ; toe :
’50s in West Germany. A lot of
linage are m o vin g hare." .

A ND young West Ger-
mans like Mr. Hartge,
30, are staking their
dahns in toe former
East Germany by creator bttri-
nesses from scratch, baying ccrist-
ing <mes or expandhu enterprises
they operate in toe West' . .

Ines Keri co-foondeda cosmta-
er consultancy in DQssdckni in
1987 called Mac Consulting.

“When the East opened in 1989,
one of am partners went to Leip-
zig to seeif we could- start up
there,” toe said. “We warned to
get a footodd in. toe totoem
states. We started wnh a snaB
office and one e^doybeL* - ; ••
Now. there me three faB-toad'

wbsfc6®mld|ing'and toree^ ^oto-
jezs^itop tovade thCT tone b etw ee n
iBast -'and West' Mac Consnl&ig
t %!S ; Sram^ zcnautt ol 4-5 minim
. to5 inOBon marks, saidMs. iferij
wlk> is 28. - _

' - It is diffiaiTt to make even a
, toa^tgoess (4 toe mmtoer of Ger-
mans devdopmg buanessesm the
Eas^ and. mare difficult stiE to
. ..deteznHne bow many of toose are
-WcstGennans.

It is estonated that 5,C60 Ger-
mans each month move from toe
West into toe five states that made
.-S 9 EtotGamany.-said Wolfgang

Scheremet, a labar economist at
toeGennantostitoteforEcpaom-
to Rcscarch ia Bedm, but there is
nowaytotdHrowmanyareWest-
aners cb 1 retnming Easterners.

The ones who are fanning todr
own entexpdses an_ desperately

.heeded.

“What -we have in Eastem Ger-
many at ihi« stagp are nn niw Bii w-

’ ''sized businesses,” Mr. Scheremet
and. “We have: large combines.
. Weneed small and medmm-azed

‘ Hri iw um Hirrimi One of toe big-
gest factors in Eastern Gecaany rs
to have a sdf-fmandng ecaDOmy.”

Diere are ages of tokt entxme-
neurial ww- taking bnM. Wolf
Weyennana^ diairman of Wbts-
chansjinnaren Deutschland,
organization of business _
underdo, said that since the'
the Wall in late 1989, SO chapters
with 1,000 members have opened
in the five Eastern slates. While 25
percent of toe West German mem-
! here own then own companies, toe
Eastern chaplets boast an 80 per-
cent rate of business owner ship .

Of oouxse, it takes more than
viskm.to start a bnsmess. It takes
money. Thafs where toe govern-
ment can heip-

‘There are all Iripds of pro-
grams promoting emrqweoems,"
■ said Bodo Ga »5 a spokesman for
the federal Economics Maristryin
Bedm. A typical one offers low-
. in te r est loans istmed by banks and
. guaranteed by toe gomnment.
The loams can be for op to 300,000
nitHw imt must be r^aid within
10 years. ^ To quififr; toe ^pficant
must be under 50. There are otoer
strings attached, as wdL
. Tfc needs to show educational
competence,” Mr. Gaw explained.
-“Not just anybody can come in
and say, ‘Hdto. hoelam. I warn
-to opeu .a store I need money at
low interest* That is impossible;

: he can’t open a store and say a
week lata, ‘bye bye.’" -

Roughly IS Uffian ™ifa has
gonemtol30,000iwo}e<^hMd^
-; jBg Bernhardt Qtgdd + Design,

an

'

ByPongfaisSntton

AMBUK.G — With
unification having
xned a new market
' mfflkag of motor-
ats bungiy for Weston c ars, m d
with, an aggr essive drive to capture
Oder East European countries’
madtots as wbD, Gamancannaken
wonld scon to be in a commanding
position to oentinne their strong
eraanaoQ of recent years.

Still, they are worried, and not

dine in domestm^toSs year as
the Gexman economy cook down
and toe boost in. demand faded by
unification loses momentum.

With the nightmare vona of
vtoa has happened in Detroit and
the shakeout in the American car
industry, Gennancannalasrs wor-
ry that their structures have gotten
too flabby and cars are being pro-
duced too expensively.

For toe time being, Gexman car
man ufact u rer s are. still coasting
down a smooth highway of steady
demand fueled byGomany’s uni-
fication in 199a The mdnrtry had
record sales last year of nearly 5
million cars, a 1 percent increase
over 1990 and a turnover volume
of more than S130 bdlion, up 7
percent from the year before.

But in the executive suites at
Volkswagen, Opel, Ford, Mer-
cedes, and BMW — the top five
mnV«B sold in. Germany last year
— manages know a crunch in toe
market Iks ahead.

The slowdown in the sector has
already "wA*- itself feb, with toe
industry reporting in January a 7
percent drop in car production, to
407,900 rants. New car registrar
tioos m toe month were down 1.9
percent to 313^85 rants.

What worries toe mdnstty most
areprtxiocrion co5t&. According to
toe German Automobile Manor
factums Association (VDA) in
Fnmkfurt, in terns of per-mrit
protection costs, Genian car-
nalcers lost Bound to their coun-
terparts in Fferere Britain, Italy

disadvantage, in the ratio of toe
vahieof cars prodoced and payroll
levels.

- In 1980, Goman carmakers ac-
counted for 4X5 percent of toe
value of care produced in the Eu-
ropean CommnnitY , with .a 33 per-
cent share of the EC’s total auto-
motive labor, force; by 1990,
German caraakm were making
44 percent of toe value of vehicles
produced in the EC; but with a 43
percent toare of the automotive
payroll, toe VDA sad.

Gradually, however, the num-
ber of German automotive woric-
ers is decreasing. After peaking at

787.00 wcakers in 1991, enqjtoy-
ment had % this year faDea back
to about 777,000.

Last year; thanks to strong home
sale s, domestic turnover increased
21 percent IQ X35 mflSon care,
mere than enough to offset an 8
.percent drop in exports' in valne
terms and L5 percent in unit terms.

But tins year, the VDA expects a
drop in domestic dunumd off 12 to
15 percent, ted if the German,
economy keeps dewing, tiris pre-
toction xri^ht prove too qy timistic .

German, cammkers are already
s t ar ti i^; to xednee payrolls as the
riowdown ^pprorenes. Mercedes,
with a c u rrent worldwide staff of

238.000 employees, said it is nlan-
mng to cut its work farce by aban

20.000 by 1995, wlufc BMW said it
would cot irs payroll, now at over
74,000, by some 3,000 by tire end of
"the year. V W is also plamnng cuts,
and Find and Opel are reportedly
studying timOar measures.

ftirh redactions may not .be tire
entire mbit**! to German car-
makers’ cost proHans, according
to some analysts. -The Sfld-
dentscht Zdtnng new^par in
Munich said that tire VDA was
tdHngoatiy part of toe stray when
tosenssing protection costs.

The paper noted that German
car workers have the highest pro-
dnetivityin Europe, which in most
(ws compensated for tire per-
unit cost disadvantages.

The chief disadvantage of tire
Goman automobile inoustrv is

“We are protean® too expen-
dvefy,** said Erika Emmerich, the
president of VDA. She says that
German co mpani es “most now
think about toe reservoir” of ex-
cess labor on their payrolls.

Smtinity Ebeshrad von Knfto-
hriwa ^ the t^uarrmni of BMW, 10-
ceotiytald tire monthly Manager
Magran: “A ISOdegree turnabout
in cost structures is irecessaxy. 0
| By VDA cafculations, houriy
1 wage carts, mdutong extra bene-
fits, maW- Gcnmm an to workers
the highest-pBxf m Europe, at

mg hours, but instead toe short-

comings and problems in organi-
zation and ’ management,” toe

admitting

pans

they have rcfifid on

“ tag as an

fla muin .

toatforioo
the “Made m
assurance toot they can compete on
toe woaM’s markets, are al» saying
they have to Jeam costeffioeni

son, US. c a rwmto make just
over S21and Jariarage workers
about 32050 per hour, m durimg
hecdhsL ;

The wage ^factor hasbdpcd cre-
atea shifLto German cannakers’

36 horns to hntid a car, noted
Louis Hughes, the drief executive
of Opel “The Americans need 25
hours, and the Japanese oofy 17
horns.’*

DOUGLAS SUTTON is *£* k«*
rass-txonama editor td UKGer~
vm Press Agency ( DP A. ) in Bam-
berg - '

reneurs

which Mr. Walther financed with
a combination of government-
backed and conventional bank

But govonman programs do
not help, everyone. Susanhe
Hansch, a 27-year-old Berlin fash-
ion designs, and her partus,
Klaus Bsgimum, were approved
for a loan to start their eastern
men’s wear bnsmess, Son, but they
turned it down.

“They offered ns 300,000
marks; oat for ns it was too

mpefr, ” f ha arid They had tn take

either tire whole amonnt or none
of h, so they chose the latter.

They had other hud decisions
to make, such as where to set
shop. The cost of nuking a az
suit in Berfiu was about 1,
madc5. lt cost less in East Germa-
ny, but the quality was lower.

N the end, they forsook
DRetoer. Now

1 Germany alleged

they have their suits made
in Poland, where hourly la-
bor costs 6 marks, instead of 20
ttwHo! in Bedm, and the workers
have “the old p ja ft ^ n u mthip that
was lost in the GDR."

Finding skilled help in Eastern
Germany is a problem for many
business owners.

“You cm put money, money,
money m the whole of Eastern Ger-
many and. it won’t rfuwig p any-
thing,” said Mr. Weyennann, who
runs a specialty sted co mpan y in
Bedm. “You have to train people.”

In attitude adjustment, for one
thing.

“You have to take into oonad-
eration the lone history of social-
ism in the GDR," Mr. Scheremet,
the economist, explained. Tt was
not necessary to do hard work.

gjvepeopk tnne. T

“Everything’s new here, itfs a
new system,” Mr. Hartge agreed.
**Ti*p a ptechallcqg e^ it depends on
onnelfwnat you get out of it

Bigger German Say in Europarliament?

By Charles Goldsmith

B RUSSELS — Germany, which
has been underrepresented in the
European Parliament since unifi-
cation in October 1990, may have
to wait a Hole longer before getting addi-
tional seats in the 518-member assembly.

The issue of Germany's representation
may be tied into a detailed lo ok at the
Paoiamcnt m light of the European Com-
munity's likely expansion in tire next few
rears. And tort worries some members of
Parti ament, who say the Community is.
vitiating the concept Of “one person, rare
vote” that it espouses as a baric democratic
principle for toe zest of toe world.

“It looks now Hke we’re in favor of me
man one vote in South Africa but not in
Europe,” said one official of the European
Farijament.

The united Germany still has crnly 81
membrre in the Fa rijamen t, the as

tksTfar lugger than^be other countries!
With the 17 million people of East Germa-
ny, the united Grammy now has 79 nudum
people compared to 56 million in France,
and 57 milli on in both Britain and Italy.

Following rniificatinn, Germany was
granted 18 observers from the territory of
toe former East Germany, but did not
receive new voting members.

Tifs just inconceivable that there is not
additional representation for East Grama-

a rid a spokesman far the Socialist
in toe Parliament, whose 180 mem-
rm tire single largest bloc.

The issue of German seats was slated to
be on the agenda at toe summit of EC
leaders in Maastricht, the Netherlands, last
December, but President Francois Mitter-
rand of France made it clear that he did not
want to consider it at that time.

T think it will eventually be resolved, so
it’s not a great worry," said a German
di plomat in Brussels. “But toe extra seals
are very important fra: toe people in toe
eastern part of Germany, in terms of being
folly represented at the Community level

The Maastricht treaty says that the mat-
ter should be considered by the end of
1992, along with the issue of how many EC
commissioners there should be. There are
now 17 commissi oners, one for each coun-
try plus a second member for France, Italy,
Germany, Spain and Britain, but there is a

general sentiment for reducing the mem-

tire EC Crammsrion more manageable.

The numbers game is expected to be
dicfimwrf at tire upcoming summit of EC
leaders in Lisbon in June, but h is not
certain that a decision will be made. Dire to
toe likelihood of EC enlargement in toe
near future, some countries want a compre-
hensive disc ussion of toe issue rather than
just adding 18 new seats fra- Germany.

“We don’t think that it should be looked
at as an isolated problem,” said a French
diplomat in Brussels. “We think there
should be a global approach to tbe issue in
li ght of enlargement, and that requires an
in-depth reflection.”

Parliament officials say thHi the issue
must be given high priority, however, in
order to resolve it in plenty of time for the
June 1994 elections to the assembly. Any
fjumgg in toe number of seats would have
to be ratified by national governments,
which can be a mne-oonsuming task.

“It must be resolved at Lisbon,” said a

tfewoctr XW5**
faamriood HnU Trfbwc

Parliament official. “It's a matter of credi-
bility for tire Community."

Some officials say that Mr. Mitterrand’s
apposition to considering the issue at toe
Maastricht summit was tied to toe long-
standing dispute over where the Parlia-
ment should hold its sessions. France
wants Strasbourg confirmed as the perma-
nent home of the Parliament's plenary ses-
sions, but most members of the Parliament
would prefer to sit in Brussels in order to
be closer the the EC’s other corridors of
power. The French diplomat in Brussels
riwiw-ii such a tfnV

Henri Saby, a French Socialist member
of the Parliament, said population should
not be toe oily factor in determining a
country's representation.

“We consider it necessary to increase the
number of seats for Germany, hut toe
equilibrium of the Parliament and tbe
Community must be maintained,” he said.

EC historians say toe problem of Ger-
many’s current underrepresentation dates
in part loa 1951 meeting between Konrad

Adenauer, toe West German chancellor,
and Foreign Minister Robert Scbnman of
France.

“They agreed to a general rule that
France would never be underrepresented
vis-i-vis Germany in any of tbe EC institu-
tions," said a spokesman for the Parlia-
ment “But toose understandings were
made under toe assumption of roughly
equal populations, and did not consular
that East Germany would unite with West
Germany."

The issue of toe ECs adaigement is also
a very large consideration m the debate
over seats in the Parliament because it is

expected that Austria, Sweden and perhaps
Finland might be jommg the Cftmnuimty
by 1995. 7Ttaz would throw tbe current
arithmetic off completely.

Under the current representation formu-
la, the assembly would have to increase its
membership to an unwieldy 1,000 if the EC
admitted all toe nations of Scandinavia,
Eastern Europe and the Balkans, along
with some republics of the former Soviet
Union.

A report prepared for a parliamentary
committee by Karel de Gucbt, a Belgian
member of toe Parliament, contains several
different models:

A 570-seat model would give 99 seats to
Germany, 86 to France and 87 to both
Britain and Italy. Add a few more coun-
tries, and the membership would increase
to 667 seats, including 20 for Austria, 21
for Sweden, 17 for Switzerland, 13 for
Norway and six each for Cyprus and Mal-
ta. Czechoslovakia, Poland and Hungary
would boost membership to 823, and Tur-
key would bring toe Parliament up to 906
seats.

Mr. De Gucht suggests, therefore, that
toe membership might be reduced right
away to 347, including 65 for Germany and
58 och for France, Britain and Italy. Tbe
Eastern European countries would boost
this number to 547.

CHARLES GOLDSMITH reports from
Brussels for the International Herald Tri-

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.Page 12

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Germany I A Special Report

West’s Research Funds (and Problems) Shift East

By Steven Dickman

M UNICH — On the surface, the
restructuring and rejuvenation
of science and technology in
Eastern Germany after unifi-
cation appears to be a remarkable success
story. In less than two years, the united
Germany has dismantled the bloated East
German Academy of Sciences, created doz-
ens of new institutes and university research

groups, and pumped in millions of dollars

worth of sophisticated equipment, leapfrog-
ging the East German researchers to a point
years phmA of even their envious West Ger-
man counterparts.

Consequently, the level of government
support for East German scientific institutes
has already soared to close to the standard
level in the West. The fact that East Germans
are still paid 40 percent less, on average, than
West Germans leaves even more leeway for
the purchase of new technology.

But building up the East has meant cut-
! backs in the West, and the quick pace of
■ restructuring has meant that all the problems
of West Goman science are being shifted
eastward. The result is that many influential
' Germans Tear that the shift of funds could,
parado xically hurt the competi Liveness of
the entire country.

‘ "It seems like we are making the same
mistakes all over again.” says Dieter Simon,
: firman of the Cologne-based Science
1 Council an independent organization that
gives advice to the government about science
policy. Despite these investments, says Mr.
: Simon, “I am afraid that we will wake up in
10 years and find that Germany still has the
same problems in research and higher educa-
■ tion, but on a larger scale.” These problems
- include grossly inflated numbers of students
1 choking universities; a lack of highly quali-
fied technical personnel for research-and-
develop men t- based industry, and too many
inflexible research institutions unable to
adapt to solving current problems.

“ la broad cross-section

Both Mr. Simon and i

of East German researchers interviewed
agree that, in its haste to set up viable struc-
tures in the East, Germany has missed an
opportunity to reform its own problematic
research structures. Mr. Simon said he had
“no doubt" that Germany's competitiveness
would suffer because of the government’s
policies. ...

Even critics like Mr. Simon admit that
most of the money that has poured into
Eastern Germany so far has been well and
wiselv spra l For example, the Munich-
based Fraunhofer Society for Applied Re-
search has created 19 research institutes and
outstations in the former East Germany.
Taking personnel from the now-disbanded
academy, the society has tried in fields as
diverse as solid-state physics, polymer chem-
istry. cybernetics and optics, to create cen-
ters of excellence that can serve as a creative
engine for East and West German industry.

In an important strategic move, the society
has chosen to allow the East German re-
searchers considerably more freedom in their
first few years, requiring that they bring in
only 25 percent of their operating budget
through industry contracts. The comparable
figure in society institutes in the West is 80
percenL

Electron microscopisi Meinhard Kuna of
the Fraunhofer Institute For Material Me-
chanics in Halle praises the initiative as far-
sighted, since it will allow time for the East-
ern researchers to do truly innovative
research. “We have a chance," says Mr.
Kuna, "to advance into a new field that will
mitre us attractive not just to Germany or
even to Europe, but to the entire world."

But the Fraunhofer Society managed to
save only 900 of the academy’s original
24,000 employees. New research institutes
have absorbed roughly 9,000 more, and uni-
versities are expected to absorb an additional
2 , 000 .

For these researchers, and for the ones
that the East German institutions hope to
attract from the West, the money already
spent is dearly not enough, says Detlef Gan-
ten, the director of the new national labora-

Investment in Research

* L Source: GemmSctome Council

Irwmuuniul HcralJ Tribune

lory for biomedical research in East Berlin.
“We will have to invest twice as much if we
expect to attract a reasonable number of
high-qualirv people wi thin a reasonable
time,” says Mr. Gan ten.

The money problems are not limited to the
East The heavy investment there is taking its
toll on the West as well especially in the 13
existing national laboratories, which focus
on areas like high -energy physics, nuclear
safety and cancer research.

Last year, the Min istry of Research and
Technology (BMFT) froze the laboratories’
nominal budget for at least three years, re-
sulting in real cuts of 4 percent a year due to
inflation.

“BMFT told us our national laboratories
would have to compete for project-oriented
funds” in order to mak e up the difference,
laments Peter Silberbach, an official at the
Science Ministry of North Rhme-Westpha-
ha But now these project funds are “no-
where to be seen"

Cutting back the national labs might seem
like a blessing in disguise, since they have

long been criticized for being overstaffed
and inflexible. But Wilhelm Krull of the
Science Council warned that, unless the min-
istry takes the utmost care in setting priori-
ties, the cuts win hurt the most in the newest
and least well-established areas, which are
also the most likely to be internationally
competitive.

All the researchers interviewed see eva
larger problems in the area of industrial
research. For a country that is a world leader
in R&D-based exports, the government has
done little to assure a proportional represen-
tation of such industry among die new or
revamped companies b the East.

Although Eastern Germany used to be the
former Soviet bloc's most successful high-
tech exporter, virtually all of its R&D-based
industry has been bankrupted or bought by
Western companies, which have shut its re-
search down.

The Kohl government admits that it has so
far been disappointed with the level of in-
vestment in industry in general and re-
search-oriented industry in particular, b the
eastern part of the country.

Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Geuscher
has urged the government not to neglect
research-oriented industry in the East. In a
recent speech, Mr. Gaudier called upon
policymakers to answer both parts of a “dou-
ble challenge," building up the economy of
Eastern Germany on the one hand without
neglecting the high-technology challenge of
Japan ana America on the other.

Despite all the criticisms, when research-
ers take a long-term perspective, they tend to
be optimistic, especially concerning publicly
funded research. “We have to remember,”
says Mr. Gan ten, “that if we evaluated the
universities in the West as rigorously as we
have evaluated the East German Academy,
half of those universities would be empty
overnight."

STEVEN DICKMAN is a free-lance writer
specializing in science and technology based in
Munich.

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A Decentralized Theater life

By David Stevens

O NE of the cultural side effects of the
reunification of Germany has been the
reintegration of the largest and most con-
centrated system of professional theater
of any country b the world.

The numbers alone are impressive. One sauce
reckoned before unification that there were 225 Uk-

■ m . /— 1 On ™ Cort r-rnnonn The

1918, the theaters remained, but s upport ed by tfc
new political structures and the bourgeoisie,
accounted for most of the audiences

nyJet

The

ui /theater programs — extensive if not

exhausti ve — currently lists almost 100 ones ana
towns, and a total of about 250 theaters. Of thes e, 58
are opera houses or theaters in smaller cities where
musical theater shares the stage with drama. This
does not count eight cities in Die Zeit’s listing -—four
each in Austria and German-speaking Switzerland.
In the German-language theater world, the borders
are invisible. „ .

For the most part these are Stoat (state) or Stadt
(municipal) theaters, subsidized by public funds to
the tune of at least half of the budget, but more likely
closer to 75 or 80 percenL There may be the occaston-

_i — — ora scream from

o not seem to be

w to question the basic commitment.

, state of German Lheater is all the
more r emarkab le what it is recalled that in 1944 all
theaters and festivals throughout the Third Reich
were ordered dosed and at war’s end something like
70 percent of the theaters in Germany had oeen
destroyed.

The repertory was b bad shape, too, for virtually
nothing written in Germany between 1933 and 1945
was acceptable on a postwar stage. For some time the
contemporary repertory was supplied mainly by
Swiss playwrights tike Friedrich DQrrcnmatt ana
Max Frisch or returned exiles like Carl Zuckmayer.
During the Nazi period it was Swiss theaters —
notably the Zorich Opera, (the world premiere of
Alban Berg’s “Lula”) and the Zorich Schauspidhaus
— that kept aloft the standards of German theater.

Theater is so widespread in Germany in part
because history has made the conn' —
decentralized. For centuries the idea
was

Batin can

natit

and cultural on& Not even

^ the overall theatrical activity of
Paris or London, but there are perhaps a dazm aties
in Germany with more to offer than any provincial
center b centralized Britab or France. _

Another reason is more elusive, bat it has to do
with a sodai attitude toward the arts in generaL A
theater is takeQ for granted in even relatively small or
obscure communities, along with a unified view of
theater that allows Shakespeare, Schiller and Goethe
to coexist with more recent classics and contempo-
rary works, and with musical theater b all its forms.

Public theater b Europe m its present form is
largely a creature of the I7th century, and until 1871,
the country was fragmented into various kingdoms
(Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, Wflrttemberg) and dozens
of tinhorn principalities and duchies whose rulers
moddedthar courts on those of the Bourbons or the
Habs burgs, building imitation Versailles palaces and
patronizing the aits.

When the princely life vanished in the debacle of

ue, supported by the urban tastes of a la:
tion, bit others cannot be explained
ence to history. . ,

The National Theater m the relative

of Mannheim derives from the culture .

i of the Palatinate. If one of them,
’ ’iyed his cards ri ght, h e proto-

..lozart as court composer and

• as court poet. He blew that, but later, win

he inherited the Bavarian throne as wefl, be redeemed

Hy cool
Schiller

“ldomeneo. 1 . , _ _

The Deutsches National Theater of Wcamn a
celebrated out of all proportion to the significance of
the city, merely because Goethe came to town in 1774
and more or less ran the cultural estab lishm ent of the
ducal court

niuwu uu» ■ — i — — Wksbadea dl

have a Staatstheater, although none of them mutton
m siTi* and scope the municipal thea t e rs of Frankfort
Hesse's metropolis, where the background is purely
mercantile, • • . ■ - -

It was in mercantile Hamburg too, that the first
public (Le. non-princely) operajbouse north of the
Alps was qpeneain 167o, the beginning af tm exalted
tradition. But Bochum, in the industrial Rohr; had no
theatrical history to speak of until after Worid War I,
yet its playhouse has acquired an enviable reputMiaG
under such radical directors as Peter Zaaek and
Claus Peymann (now the embattled head af Yienna’i
Burgtheater).

I T is not just the number of theaters in Gennt-'
ny that contributes to die richness af the diet,
but the amount of work they do. Most, espe-
cially the larger ones, are open 10 month i
or more, performing five to seven nights twok.
.mirati ons like the combined municipal bates

T»nlrfnrt include opera, ballet and drama conq»

nies, an orchestra (which also gives oaaaam&cro-
certs), a chorus, substantial acting and singing nd
dancing troupes, not to mention administrative ind

backstage personnel.

And Germany is the only country where most of
the theaters still function on a repertory system,
which means the ready availability of a large rofleref
works and the artists to perform them, as well as m
army of subscribers to keep happy. This year, for
example, the Cologne Opera has a repertory af 27
operas, ax of them new productions and foarmajar
revivals, and indoding two cycles af Wane's
“Ring," and its Tanz-rorum dance company na$a
repertory of 20 works, two of them new. ■ -
These are factories for producing theater and, not
incidentally, creating jobs. And a Look at the rosters
shows that German musical theater still makes used,
say, lots of American and English singers and Hoa-
ffman and Japanese violinists.

DA VW STEVENS is on the staff of the Internatkeal
Herald Tribune.

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International Herald Tribune
Wednesday , April 1, 1992
Page 13

STAGE /ENTERTAINMENT

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By Jennifer Dunning

Jlfw York Tima Serv ice

N EW YORK — Debbie ABea had
oat of the most foam at i v e expeai-
erices of lier-fife when, at 16, after
11 years of taammg, 8hc auditioned
te the North Carofina School of die Arts as a
ballel smdent When she was asked to demoo-
stiate steps for the ofeer anfitkmers, theyotmg
black dancer assumed she was a shoo-in. Bat
she was tmned down and adqsed to pmoejaa
or modexn dance; bet body was hot right for
baBet, sbe was told; it was a famiBar observa-
tion for Uack daoooSb - .

“1 can't bdkve yoo fafled,’* her mother tdd
her already wounded bier. Hmh

words, bat Allen looks back on them as immur-
ing. “She wouldn't allow me to folself-jrity ”
Today, at 42, she has proved hersdf on
Broadway, in film and in (derision as a dancer,
actor, singer, ch or eogr ap her, director, writer
and producer, among thevety/ew Hack women
bn the verge of larakkig tbroi^i as a Erector
of a mqor studio film...

broadcast of . the CBS tdeviskm movie/^fam)-
pitf at the Sawy,” which Ae^ected. Her
choreogrqifay was diowcased Monday during
the Academy Awards program, her second year
(hpmoginphmg the Oscars. .

A woman wfiohasconsdojiriy choeea to deal
with black

being^bbtek is to he^ die non e t h d eas resists'
bring pigeonholed. “Certainly, my blackness
has duped my eqieoerice, my passion, my
pain. But Tm an artist, and I wold Bke to be
looted at as an artisL ^toripm’ * is a powerful,'
engaging story . Tm not a black director Greet-
ing blade people. Tm a director finding a story
andte&mgiL” -

. “Stcanpm’ al the &voy,” written by Bereriy

Debbie Aden: “ Getting there 1

M. Sawyer, is shoot four yoong hhek women
from Brooklyn in die 1930s and^ ^fOs who dream
of love and success and speod their

evenings off at Harlan’s Savoy Ballroom. It is
her third television movie. ^

.• 1 She is dsptfirector of the hit NBC series “A
Different World.” Sbe is credited with having
kept the p rogram, a “Cosby Show” spinoff
about Mad: coflega students, on (he air arte its
first, unsuccessful season in 1987. It is now
among the top 20 prune* time shows. She has
been working oo a Broadway musical and has
developed three movie prqects.

ADen’s first taste of formal theater training
came at Howard University in Washington. She
qmit summers at the American Dance Festival
in New London, Connecticut, settfisg on a
career as a Broadway performer aftergradua-
lian- With the 1986 revival of “Sweet Charity,”
die became a star, then moved into tdevision as
a director and paformo. There were roks in

movies, among them “The Fish That Saved
Pittsburgh” (1979), during the filming of winch
she met her husband, the basketball star Norm
Nixon, and a 1988 network special called “The
Debbie Allen Show” that she starred in, direct-
ed, produced, co-wrote and choreographed,
winning two Emmy nominations.

Along the way, sbe learned from Bob Fosse,
who tola her to he herself rather than mimic
Gwen Verdon in “Sweet Charity ” that actors
had tobefre* She learned that tedeviaan had to
be as spontaneous as live theater. Sbe learned to
be tough on “A Different World," which she
modeled on her own tumultuous years at How-
ard in the 1960s.

So where is die Hollywood film one might
have expected by now of her? Was Warrington
HudEn, Dresden! at the Black Rhnmakca
Foundation and producer of “House Party,"
accurate when be commented that sexism is
even more powerful in Hollywood than racism?

“I don't know if it is sexism or just that we
haven’t had the opportunities,” she said. Wom-
en are srid to make small movies about person-
al isiBfifs of int er est to the general pub-
lic. ADen disagrees.

“Thelma & Louise' was really a break-
through movie. We haven’t had enough movies
like those great Joan Crawford and Bette Davis
films. People went to see them. Hollywood is
very much a man’s world. We (han’t have a
woman who can green-fight a movie or order a
TV show. But we do have a lot of women
prodneers. Sometimes I sit in a room and it’s
full of women. I think we’re getting there.”

Suddenly meditative, she rraefaes back to her
early love for an analogy. “Dance is about
rhy thm and tnnft Our lifetime is very small in
the bigger scheme. That is not to say we

think we luweto keep a positive attitude and
not get too angry. But stay defiant and strong.
Anger and defiance are two different things." ,

The Fringe Looks Back to Midcentury

By Sheridan Morley

lmouaiioaalHmidTrihme

•it L

L ONDON — Theatrical
history moves in mysteri-
ous wars. While tbe com-
mercial West End reso-
hddy tams its bade on the wdl-
made of the rindeeatmy.

that were once its lifeblood, it is left
to the London fringe to bring them
back toan oftm intriguing aJWfifo
and a potentially new andoenoe.
Sam Walters’s splendid new Or-

IX)M>ON THEATER

ange Tree in Richmond, is reviving
“Tie Dark Bhre'* in tribute to the
playwright Rodney Addand, who
died in December at 83 after de-
cades of professional neglect He
was once described as die “Enghsb
Chekhov” and “The Dark Riva”
is no tf«m a Thames-side
“Cherry Orchard,” set at the lime
of the Spanish C5v3 War but look-
ing ahead to the wodd war that
would come in only two years. Its
characters, save one, have resetote-
ly refused to move oat of the 1920s
or to oouskksr the cra ning of the
1940s. Time-locked and tmo-
warped in the late 30s cf thrir fives
and die century, they are used by
Addand, sometimes rather bcavy-

londedty, as syrabob of thrir corn-

try’s passion for the past and its
tenor of the future^

Other playwrights had at course
been hoe before: Mangham in “Far
Services Rendered," Coward in Ins

almost unknown “Post Mortem,"
Priestley in bis “time plays,” all
looked at tins soft imdeibcSy of
houK-oamty nostalgia, and aH coor
rinded that die state of fbe ration
was distinctly unhealthy. But those
who, like thwn and Rattigan. want-
ed successful Shaftesbury Avenue
careers, learned to coat thrir cyni-
cism or despair with a veneer of
drawing-room comedy; Add and

and die bitterness that links hhn to
John Whiting but few others.

His characters are all experts at
stopping tixedaefc the old teacher
(Stephanie Cok) who acts as land-
lady indeed tams off the tall dock
as the play begins. Her star pupil
(Belinda Lang) a failed bnTWrna )
spends the rest cf the evening re-
jecting one lover (Malcolm Sin-
clair) who has seen the fixture and
wishes to build air-raid shelters, far
another (John Hudson) who has
been unable to leave his schooldays

or accept any adrikresponsbffities.

Thar one outside visitor, Ed-
mund Reade (Don Fellows) is a
thinly veiled but savagdy fmmy
portrait of D. W. Griffith, unable
to come to terms with the talkies
and still desperately reviving his
ris* ac tfleats for a new audience
that wishes only to giggle at thrir
apparent inadequacies. AD Act-
land’s parade are rihrang to the

dead, and ‘The Dark River” is nlri-
malriy about the malig n power of
personal and national pasts.

tilings but usable to take any of the
necessary precautions. Sam Wal-
ters gives it a powerhouse produc-
tion that rady reinforces the sense
of shame and regret at the failure of
the National or virtually any other
t heater in this country to give Ack-
land the revivals that were his due
m his long lifetime.

E

1 NID Bagnold, whose
i “The Cha& Gardes” is al
■ die King’s Haul in Is-
A fington more than 30
after R was first seen rat

in London with Edith Evans, had
rather more commercial luck in
that riie never demanded too much
of her audiences or her prodneers.
Thisisatcmelevdacoontiy-house
mystery about a murderess who re-
turns as governess to an unruly
child. It is also a word and won-
drous nrix of Agatha Christie, J. M.
ltarrie and Frederick Lonsdale..
The chalk garden can be seen as a

3 >hor fra England, and the
e who come to tend and in-
Has the direct descendants of
those assembled by George Ber-
nard Shaw in “Heartbreak House."

people living in the rains of privi-
lege and an the verge of terrible

nmfc i-nr-*~- IL -*‘ 11 — — nwwwiH

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DA MEO PATACCA

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OpenbeUoy*.

On Record, the Tales of Two Bruces

Springsteen: He’s In Deep Trouble; Lenny: He’s Clearer Than Ever

Let me moke the songs of a nation
and I care not who writes her irws.

—Andrew Fletcher, 1703

By Mike Zwcrin

International Herald Tribune

A LONG with the coU^sse erf Commu-
nism , there appears to be a crisis of
confidence in Democracy. Step back
fra perspective anywhere, you get a
jaundiced eye. Step in the same direction listen-
ing to Weston pop music, you get diseased
eats. Music reflects society.

Heavy metal and rap exist bdow the subsis-
tence level, like 40 percent of the Russian peo-
ple. Jazz, democratic classical muse, survives
on food stamps. Tbe best of traditional rock V
roll is said to be Bruce Springsteen, who has just
released two new albums — “Human Touch"
and “Lucky Town” — after a five-year sDcoce.
We’re in deep trouble.

T*pen to either title track and yon grasp at
straws and sigh — ah, at least we can count on
good old Brooocc. After two whole tides, how-
ever, 24 trades, it becomes dear that The Boss
has also lost Ins clai m to citizens’ confidence.
They add up to HmitM variations on the same
old songs, familiar four chords, old gambits
(though he’s been listening to country music
and plays better guitar) and wont images.

Each Cok Porter song was different WtQy
Nelson rin gs a succession of songs. A new song
by Hie Beatles was new. Randy Newman’s
literate commentaries about our decline are
tuneful. As were, come to think of it Brace
Springsteen ’s on “Born to Ron."

Rici md a superstar now, he no longer feds

binMolLr ffiSi “LocdlSero” he com-
ments on tire price of joining the elite; “First
they T«gA» me the king / Then they made me
pope / Then they brought me rope.” He wants
to build a wall “so high nothing can bum it
down” to procea his son (“Sonls of tbe Depart-
ed”). Evm graying home with the only tiring be
can count on, his family, doesn’t work. In “57
Chanuds (and Nothin’ On),” be loses his lover
and shoots his TV “in the blessed name of
Etas.” Hardly new insights — Fink Floyd dealt
with a wall and vapid TV years ago; and Paul
Simon, fra one, dealt with Etas.

T HE problem is aggravated because 1
am writing about this and not jazz
tenanran Joe Henderson’s magnifi-
cent new album ‘Tush life” (Verve).
Joe’s not news, while Springsteen is impossible
to avoid. Far this, we can conveniently blame
record company marVering But it’s more than
that — we are living in a time of form over
content.

It’s difficult to trash Springsteen. He docs his
best within tbe bankrupt form. He’s trying to
say something. He's certainly likable. We
should all have such a sympathetic boss. It’s
also difficult to avoid tbe conclusion that rode
has become what mnarim and journalists
strain to find increasingly flowery adjectives
and poetic metaphors to avoid admitting A
product Twenty-four tracks and nothing on.
□

The kid who discovered you could get high
sniffing airplane ghie enters a toy store and says

to the owner “Hi. Nice store you got here. Give
me a nickel's worth of pencils, tbe Big Boy
tablet, some jujubes, a Tailspin Tommy bod;
— and 2,000 tubes of airplane glue."

In another of his routine now heard clearly
thanks to the miradc of digital technology on
“Tbe Lenny Bruce Originals” (Fantasy), a two-
CD reissue of four LPsof dubious sound, Bruce
said: “I’ll never use four-ktter words for shock
value or for a laugh, but if it fits the character
then 1 want to swing with it"

Nowadays, you hear more taboos violated on
afternoon soaps and best-sdling records than
in the routines Bruce was busted fra. He liberat-
ed the language trying to prove that there are no
diily words, just dirty minds. It isn’t the words

mother, an Irish priest, a black prison inmate, a
junkie, a redneck, a society bandleader, a police
officer, a rabbi, the voice of Tbe March of Time
and the “while collar drunk . . . hypocritical,
clean shavsi, buffed nails, whacked out of Ins
sknlT talking to a “good legit Gallo wine man.”

We also forget that he was hardly playing to
hordes in arenas. On the live trades of these
albums, recorded between 1958 and 1960, it is
obvious that these “bust-oat joints," as be
called them, were small and often not fnfl.
Sometimes it sounds like only the band’s laugh-
ing. When he first surfaced in the early '50s, nis

public was musicians, bartenders, strippers,
beatniks and their friends. Then, by word of
mouth, friends of friends. During his most
creative period, the eaity 1960s, 400 or 500 was
a packed house. By the time he reached millioiis
over major media, he was approaching bnmoat
before death by heroin overdose in 1966.

H E was the epitome of “hip." With
his wide and cultivated frame of
reference, he could certainly be
called “far out.” He stretched the
envelope. The majority never got all of it. At the
end of “Religions Incorporated,” about a con-
vention of religions leaders discussing industry
problems, the evangelist Oral Roberts accepts a
collect caB from the Pope: “What’s shakuT,
baby? . . . When ya cornin’ to the coast? . . .
No, nobody knows you’re Jewish. . . . And
Pfailly Joe says hello.” Now that’s not funny
unless you are aware that Pfailly Joe Jones was
Miles Davis's drummer, and a very hip dude
indeed. The glossary in the album notes is
welcome.

“Lenny flaunted Jewish pride,” Grover Sales
points out in the notes. He goes on to quote
Bruce in San Francisco’s Jazz Workshop in
1961. It was tbe only time the dub ever booked
a comic, he shared the bill with Ben Webster.
He said; “If you're from New York and you're
Catholic you’re still Jewish. If you're from
Butte, Montana, and you're Jewish you're still
goyisch. The Air Force is Jewish, the Marine
Craps is dangerous goyisch. . . . Eddie Can-
tor is goyisch, George Jessel is goyisch.
. . . Ben Webster is very Jewish. I’ve got an
ancle who looks exactly like Ben Webster."
(Two mgfits later be was arrested fra using the
vernacular fra fellatio. Mata Streep used the
same word in “Sophie's Choice," a role that
won her an Oscar in 1982.)

In “How to Relax Your Colored Friends at
Parties,” Brace assumes a drunken WASP per-
sona making small talk with a bourgeois blade
gnest in a neighbor’s bouse. He beans with
tact: “That Joe Louis was a hefl of a fighter.”

When a customer asks tbe jinni who minds
tbe candy store after granting the owner’s witii
for a trip to Atlantic City to “nuke me a
malted," the jinni obliges: “You’re a malted.”

Tbe 20-minute routine about the sad Borscht
Circuit comic who bombs when he gets to play
a “dass house," the London Palladium, is a
classic of contemporary storytelling. Dick
Gregory, the comedira-turned-sodal-critic,
called Bruce “tbe eighth wonder cf the wodd.
You have to go bade to Marie Twain to. find
anything remotely like hhn. If they don’t kail
him, or throw him in jail, he’s likdy to shake np
the whole country."

T

Bruce Springsteen

that matter, he said, it's what’s between them.
However, there’s a “missing link," as Bill Cosby
puts it: “These poor kids, man, who are doing
all the swearing and what-not, they missed the
point with Lenny . . . And now you’re loaded
with a whole bunch of people who are just foul-
mouthed, scatological, irresponsible, anti-so-
cial" These days Brace’s tone of voice and
vocabulary closer to Bart fflmpMn than
Icc-T. He lock forbidden language and subject
matter out of the doset because he thought
we’d be the better fra it — mote aware, secure,
happy. In the process, they called him “sick.”

In a routine called “The Tribunal,” Brace says
that what’s really “side" in our society is that
teachera in Oklahoma earn a top annual salary of
$6,000 while Zsa Zsa Gabor gets $50,000 a wedt
in Las Vegas. Fra a wmflar “crime;” Brace’s
heavenly Tribunal sentences “Mister Junior
Sammy Davis Jr., to “30 years in BfloxL"

All the sociological and legal analyses and
subsequent tri b utes laid to malre us forget that
he was just plain funny. With bis mastery of
dialect and amazing ear fra detail (an agent's
“pod isn’t in yet but (he patio's drjT), be was an
astonishing mimi c with a wide mastery of ac-
cents, textures and aigpts — a Jewish grand-

in

French Compan
Handbook mi

But timft has not been kind to
“The Chalk Garden," and it is woe-
fully unsnited to the confines of a
pub theater. Constance Cummings
achieves tbe right degree of loony
grandeur as the old chatelaine, Jean
Marsh is suitably sinister as the
goveraess and Robert Flemyng has
the correct air of quirky, absent-
minded authority as the judge. But
in cutting and reshaping the play to
fit a small stage and a two-act
structure, the director Mark Ray-
mem has done no service to a script
that demands at least the Theatre
Royal, Haymarket

At the Arts, the three-man Re-
duced Shakespeare Company from
the United States is pe rfo r min g its
mini-Bardic cabaret routines, in
which aD 35 plays of Shakespeare
are acted in 90 minutes, with
“Hamlet” done backward in 90
seconds and “Titus Andronicus” as
a television cooking show.

Student pranks like this week
well enough late at night cm festival
fringes, but central London the-
atergoers are mt to fed a little
sbortebanged despite the energy
and versatility of Reed Martin, Jess
Borgeson and Adam Long.

Now, in the 1991 completely revised raid
updated edition, 168 pages of indispensable
information in English on a selection of 67 of the
most important French companies, <s well as basic
fods on other major firms. Indudes information on
the French economy and mqor sectors of activity, an
introduction to the Paris Bourse, and a bilingual
dictionary of French financial terms.

Each profile includes detailed information
ort head office, management, major activities, number
of employees, sales breakdown, company back-
ground, shareholders, prindpd French subsidiaries
aid holdings, foreign holdings aid activities,
exports, research aid innovation, 1985-1989

ACCOR
ABtOSRATIALE
ALCA1R ALSTHOM (m-CGQ
ATOCHEM
BANQUE NDQ5UEZ
BANQUE NATIONAIE DE
FABS-8NP

BANQUES POPULARES
rtGHHSAY GROUP
GROUPEBULL
CABSEDESDfrOTSET
CONSIGNATIONS
CAISSE NATTONALC PCS

l^COMMUMCATTONS (CNT)
CANAL +

CAP GEMN SOGER
CEA-MXJSTOE
CEGflK
CBBJS

COP (COVPAGNE G& 4 &ALE
DIMJUSTtt ET DE
PAKTKFAHONS)

THE CGM GROUP
(COMPAGNEGfr&lALE
MAHTIME ET RNANOfeE)
CHARGEURS
OMENTS RANQA5
CMB PACKAGNG
COGECDM
COGEMA

GOMMGNEDESUS
CQMRAGNE GthfRALf DES EAUX
CPMOMWkGME PABSB4NE
0ER&5CQMPIE
OtfDfT D'toUf’EMENT DES PME-
OT* GROUP
afixr LYON4AS
CREDIT NATIONAL
DASSAULT AVIATION
DASSAULT BECTROMQUE
DOCKS D£ FRANCE
Erf AQUTAK

EMC-ENTHEPIBSE mjn£re
ETCHMIQUE
BStOR tVTBMATONAL
FRAMATOME
GMF GROUP

(GARANTE MUTUBXE
DES FONCnON > 4AIRES)
GROUPE DES ASSURANCES
NATIONALS (GAN)
HAVAS
METAL

LAFARGE COPPEE

lvmhmoEtkb*essy

LOUIS VUfTTON
LYONNAISE DES EAUX-DUmE
MERDB4
MERLIN GS8N
MKHSJN
PECNNEY
PEUGEOT S A
POUET
LA RHXXJTE
SANTGOBAN

Sa*CDBl
SB GROUP
SBTA

SEMA GROUP
SGE GROUP (SOatTt
GfrfeALE D-BVTREPRISES)
SUGOS

SOCtrt G&4&IALE

SODEXHO

SOMMSA1U8BT

THOMSON

TOTAL

UNDN DES ASSURANCES
DE PARIS (UAP)

USR40R SACUOR
VALEO
VALLOUREC
VICTOfRE GftOLP

financial performance, 1990 financial highlights and
1990/1991 important developments, strategies and trends.

French Company Handbook 1991 is
indispensable for corporate, government and banking
executives, institutional investors, industrial
purchasers and other dedskxwnakers who should be
more fully informed on major French companies.

The Hcsid book is available at 380 French
Francs ($64.50) per copy, inducing postage in Europe.
Three or more copes, 20% reduction. Outside
Europe, please add postal charges for each copy:

Middle East, 24 Francs ($4); Asia, Africa, North and
South America, 42 Francs ($7).

Frbkh Company Handbook 1991
Published by

International Business Development
a division of

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Page 14

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 19 92

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BUSINESS /FINANCE

**

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Page 15

MEDIAMARKETS

etiyl ||! Me^Statioii Cable Poses

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New York Times Schice

EW YORK — With the start-upof Quantum, T ima
Warner's 1 50-chaimd cable- tdcviskm system in New
Yurie, thehoroft-video indnsgy is fnemring timrih mryp.
intensely cm a question that it has faced far years: Win
theadseni of vastly expanded cable systems aad otber teciiool-
m^tbeeaittrf^^deocassetteandtbetddeoatoire? ■

Jtoswer to that, several analysts say, isno, at least for now
never foie ihe strongest video stores. . ..

tbemM-90s. ttrc stores wflfliBPre to mnfmnt roqrc c
tran iram pay-per-yievir for hit titles, but it’s certainly not a ]
farther video business,” said Craig Bibb, an entertamment-
industry analyst at Paine
Webber. \

■ In the next few years, tech-
nologies Eke digital compres-

■ aop-and fiber-optic transmis-
am .lines win enable cable
operators, and . possibly the
telephone companies,' to
transmit hundreds of : cfaan-

■ ndv Eventually, they may en-

abie, pay-per-view systems to . ;

dcfiieta b^c number ct movies to homes.

Digital compressicm.nses various
squeeze three to 10 progr am s into a

will allow cable
operators to
transmit hundreds of
channels.

-<S Z-.

techniques to

_ . i channel. The technol-

ogy, cable executives say, will be ready by the middle of the
' decade. Bat. to install new digital systems, the carriers must
, replace the cable equipment in every home. That is likely to be a
r costly process that will contmne wdl into the tiext century.

! • . Fsy-pcr-view tdevision has been around since the late 1970s.
.‘AccOTmng to Panl Kagan Associates, a media research company
in Carmel, California, \S2 rmTHc m <rf the 54.1 mSHon American
: households with cable tdeviskaa can . receive pay-per-view mov-
ies. To date, however, programming has been limited.

Time Warner's Quantum system is a preview of the competi-
tion- that video stores may face from pay-per-view services one
day. Since December, the company said, its Brooklyn-Queena
Cable has installed Quantum in about 2^00 homes in the
Whrtestone and Bdlerose sections of Queens. •:

w

3

V‘*£

-.t

MS

5

*a

J

a

<ff i;

:

- .* ..

•. $

O F QUANTUhfS 150 channels, about 55 defiver a chrnce
of 17 movies around tbe dock. The April schedule lists six
hit movies — including “Boyz N the Hood,” “The Doo-
: v tor” and “Dead Again” — which start every hatf-hour and cost
' ? . S3.95. Other categories include children’s, actum, art and foreign
;.?■ and adnh movies.

“These 55 channels axe what.we call bringing a video store
f : 1’ into your home,” sakl Richard Aurefio, the president of Time
v.?.; " Warner Cable’s New York group: “It’s a virtual video-on-
’ demand service.”

■{ t: * The term “video on demand” impHes that viewers would be
* able to order up any movie, any time. “Video on demand is what
p- . the pay-per-view operator would Eke you to dank he’s offering,

C; g- bat ne*s not,” Mr. Bibb said. “The time frame is 10 years away.”
-i£ ‘ As such, many video stores plan to continue doing what they
think they do best: dispensing videocassettes in enticing pack-
; 5. ages, recommending fitas, and, above aD,aItowing their enstom-

■■V- • ers to browse for movies, winch they cannot do cm cable systems,
j; Cable, they add, may be fine for the top 10 hit movies, but it
!, offers a very small sdectioii of other titles.

. • i' : “In video stpres, a lot-of vbvies get mqx>sed that otherwise
; would never get. seen,” :said -Don^ Kose^bog, executive vice''
. ; ‘ . pr esid en t of the^ YideoSoftwareDealers Assooatxm, an industry
\ % z trade group. “I don’t carehow many titles you offer on a pay-per-
p: x. : view s^tem. If somcooe can’t toudi than and fed than, or talk
'* J’ - to tomedne who can say, T saw that — ifs a good movie,’ it’s
* never going to get rented on that system.”

MriRo^nberg also emphasiTBd another benefit of watching a
mdviS on videocassette: the tape can be stopped and started, as
wefi as rewound and replayed,

• Die video stores also have an important ally: the movie

studios, winch have a vested interest in sellmg videocassettes.

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U.S. Open for Unsubsidized Steel as Talks Fail

C emptied by Ov Stiff From Dhpaleha
GENEVA— The UK steel maiket will be open to all
tiers after international trade talks faded to extend
export restraints on Tuesday, but Washinglcm is
ed to age an arsenal of legal weapons to combat
subsidized producers.

The failure of 36 countries to conclude a multilateral
steel agreement echoed a dispute between the United
Slates and the European Community, Japan and South
Korea at the word trade talks under the auspices of the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The steel nego-
tiations tow place at the GATT headquarters in Geneva
but were technically separate from the Uruguay Round of
talks to liberalize wold trade.

The crux of the sted dispute was subsidies. Rufus Yerxa,
deputy U.&. trade representative and chairman of the steel

a box around American trade laws that allow :
dntws and countervailing duties on sibsidized
Tbe EC, Japan and South Korea wanted the accord to
restrict UK anti-dumping duties. Is the GATT talks,
these three have been the most adamant about protecting
their fanners with subsidies.

“We cannot accept an agreement la des meaningful
disciplines over subsidy practices and unduly restricts our

ability to use domestic trade laws to counter those prac-
tices,* Mr. Yerxa said.

The EC and many other nations have criticized the
United Stales in various contexts for taking unilateral
trade action, but GATT rules permit anti-dnmptng and
countervailing duties.

An EC negotiator scaled the UK delegation of taking
ever-tougher positions in recent weeks hemn.se of pressure
from its big steel companies. “The American position
deteriorated day to day,” he said.

factor was that a number of
and H un-
tie agreement to allow them
' a transition period.
_ out import tariffs over 10
and oration of a body to help uiminaie non tariff
rs. It would limit the types of subsidies allowed.

Tbe United States bad so-called voluntary restraint
agreements whereby other countries agreed to Emit ex-
ports to 20.2 percent of the UK market.

Mr. Yoxa confirmed tbe restraint agreements would
expire. This in theory means other countries will be free to
export mare sted to the United States. But in practice it is
hkdy to mean an increase in retaliatory trade measures
and duties to keep out foreign companies.

Another
countries were
gaiy in seeking wajvns
to‘

A draft text

Representatives of tbe UK sted industry have already
warned that, in the absence of an international accord, they
would act against foreign competitor by taking advantage
of domestic laws to counter subsidies and dumping.

“Our industry deserves to have some kind of protection
against unfair subsidy practices.” said one UK official
who did not want to be named. He said U.S. producers
were now highly competitive, compared with foreign com-
panies that idled on massive government subsidies.

The official said that, at the international level subsi-
dies to the sted industry totaled about S65 billion in the
1980$. World sted trade is worth about SI 10 billion a year.

Another argument against an immediate flood of steel
into the United Slates was that many oatioos have been
unable recently to export all they were allowed, partly due
to a weak dollar.

Mr. Yenta said negotiations would continue but uo
schedule was set. “I regret that we have not achieved our
goal for a long-term solution to the problems in this
sector.” he said.

“1 remain convinced that such an agreement to disci-
pline subsidies and market-access barriers in this sector
would be in everyone's long-term interest. We should
continue our efforts." (Reuters, AP. AFP)

I Signs of American Steel’s Recovery

* -At*** Vw.’. V.f;l

*i:y\

American Firms Ready to Compete
Following a Decade of Protection

Sbucw: 4 US Cansu/tants; tho WEFA Orrufj

The Nr* Vnt Times

By Jonathan P. Hicks

New York Times Service

NEW YORK — The steel inc
symbol of decay in industrial America, !
graw a tr ansf ormation in the last d ecade that has
drastically sharpened its competitive position.

The UK government, which has provided a
decade of protection from imported steel has
derided not to extend quotas cm imported steel
that expired Tuesday.

American steelmakers have so improved their
productivity that the industry now often rivals —
and in some ways outperforms — its competitors
in Germany and Japan.

Thanks partly to the reduced value of the doDar,
foreign steel shi p ments hun the Unite d States have

meat set. And thebidustry is at ite most Jfitient

ever, based on the man-hours needed to produce a
ton of sted.

Exports, which in the last 20 years have rarely
accounted for more than 2 percent of steel shipped
from American mills , soared last year to 6.3 mil-
lion tons, or about 8 percent.

“The sted made in the United Slates is equal in
quality to steel made anywhere in the world now,”
said James M. Glazebrook, director of General
Electric Co.’s trading operation. “And the industry
is now being recognized more and more through-
out the world, not only for having top quality, but
for being among the best in the world in efficiency.
You could never have said that 15 years ago.”

Trade protectionism gets some credit for the
comeback of the big steelmakers, but so does
domestic competition from low-cost, nonunion

See STEEL, Page 17

Aviation Officials Fret About Ex-Soviet Airspace

By Michael Richardson

International Herald Tribune

SINGAPORE — Failure of the Commonwealth of
Independent Stales to hold together could severely
disrupt in terna ti m ml air tints between Aria and Eu-
rope, aviation officials said Tuesday.

If air. traffic over the former Soviet states was
blocked, it would cause “a tremendous problem” by
forcing diversion of many planes to alternative routes,
said Tony Laven, regional technical director in the
Bangkok office of the International Air Transport
Association.

This Would add substantial time and costs to flights
between East Asia and Europe, and increase already
heavy air-traffic congestion in the two alternative air
corridors, be said.

Many of the carriers flying between Aria and Eu-
rope have welcomed an assurance from Moscow that
they can continue to fly over the forma - Soviet Union.
But officials expressed doubt Tuesday whether ihe
vital air-traffic agreement would last.

Every day, about 100 scheduled passenger flights,
nearly all of them nonstop services, fly this route
through the Commonwealth's airspace because it is
the qmckest way to and from East Asia.

Babaiuddm Nordin, s enio r commercial director of
Malayan AMrnes, said that use of CIS airspace “con-
tributes significantly to fud cost savings."

Some trans-Parifjc flights north of Japan and Korea
also pass through the Commonwealth's airspace.

The Russian federation, in an effort to reassure
airlines and aviation authorities, recently said that the
12 states of the CIS had agreed to honor all the air
space usage rights and aviation agreements of the
Soviet Union.

A circular from Moscow said that Commonwealth
members had agreed to “conduct a coordinated civil
aviation policy, the most important element of winch
involves the use of airspace and air traffic control."

The message was sent by the Russian transport
ministry to IATA, winch has 205 member airlines, and
the International Crvil Aviation Organization, a Unit-
ed Nations agency.

Mr. Laven said that the assurance from Moscow
provided a welcome “breathing space” for many
Asian and European airlines that were dependent on
access to the airspace.

“It is an important agreement but like everything
rise in the CIS it is a bit difficult to know bow long it
will last," he added.

Airline officials and aviation authorities in Asia are
concerned that continuing ethnic conflict and political
discord may lead to the breakup of the Common-
wealth, farcing them to negotiate rights for trans-
continental overflights with successor states.

John Wakding, principal assistant secretary of the
Hong Kong governmenrs economic services branch,
said that the possibility of having to negotiate new
aviation arrangements covering CIS airspace was a
major concern.

Air Traffic Bounces Back

Retaen

GENEVA — Air traffic has recovered strongly from depressed
Gulf War levels, data released Tuesday by the International Air
Transport Association show.

The association said passenger traffic on international scheduled
services jumped 46 percent last month from February 1991, at the
height of the Gulf War, when 25 percent fewer people flew than a
year earlier due to fear and economic worries.

IATA, always careful to report the financial difficulties of its 205
member airlines, cautioned that passenger traffic in Januaiy-Febru-
ary was only 10 percent higher man in the like period in 1990.

“It’s not bad in a recessionary time." said one IATA official But
he pointed to a statement from the IATA director-general Gunter
Eser, who said: “It will be some months before the true extent of the
recovery can be gauged.”

Outlook
For U.S.
Economy
Improves

New Data Shaw
Depth of Stump
In Employment

By Lawrence Malkin

International Herald Tribune

NEW YORK — Key forecasting
gauges of consumer confidence ana
leading economic indicators re-
leased Tuesday showed the U.S.
economy likely to expand slowly,
while a major revision or last year’s
employment figures indicated it
had been in a deeper hole than
originally believed.

The Conference Board's confi-
dence index jumped seven points in
March, to 54, the largest increase
since the Gulf War ended a year ago
and temporarily revived consumer
optimism. The index has fallen al-
most every month since them

The board said that although the
5,000 households it surveyed still
had a bleak view of current condi-
tions, there had been some im-
provement in their expectations for
the next six months, and consumers
were “markedly less pessimistic"
about jobs and business conditions.

Fabien Linden, director of con-
sumer research for the board, said
(he survey of expectations had an
impressive record of forecasting
the economy. Reinforced by recent
retail-sales data, he said, it seems to
demonstrate that the economy is
going into a recovery, although “a
single month’s figure is stiff too
fragile to be a convincing sign”

Similar caution was expressed
about the second consecutive
monthly rise in the Commerce De-
partment's index of leading indica-
tors for February, which rose 0.8
percent after a revised gain of i
percent in January. Economists re-
peated the conventional wisdom
that three straight months of in-
creases were necessary to confirm
the recovery.

I .ike Mr. linden at the Confer-
ence Board. Darwin Bede of First
Boston Corp. focused on retail
sales and warned that if they did
not continue to improve, “the re-
covery noil fizzle.”

One sign of improvement in the
industrial sector came from the
Chicago Purchasing Management
Association barometer, which rose
slightly in March to 52.8 percent
from 51.2 percent, largely on im-
provements in production and new
orders this month. The association
said the regional index “presents a
picture of an economy tiying to

See ECONOMY', Page 16

SAS Raises Stake in 3 U.K . Airlines

The Associated Pros

STOCKHOLM — SAS increased its stake Tuesday
in a company that owns three British airlines, creating
a strong position in the Scandinavian airline's most
important market outside the Nordic countries.

Scandinavian Airlines System will spend £25 mil-
lion ($405 million) over the next two years to buy 40
percent of the shares in Airlines of Britain Holdings,
the parent company for British Midland, Manx Air-
lines and Loganair.

SAS already has a 245 percent share in Airlines of
Britain and has cooperative agreements with the Brit-
ish companies.

For example, last July, British Midland took over

l service for SAS at Heathrow Airport, to which
I operates 20 flights a day.

“Tins second investment in ABH cements oar stra-
tegic position in the United Kingdom, our most im-
portant market outside Scandinavia,” said the SAS
president and chairman, Jan Carlzon.

“We anticipate further benefits in the future as
British Midland continues the expansion of its services
to Europe,” said Michael Bishop, chairman of Airlines
of Britain.

British Midland is trying to expand its international
traffic, which now accounts for half of its business.

Mr. Carizon said the closer links wcmld pat SAS and
the British companies in position for the opening next
year of competition in the European airline industry.

Garuda to Buy Planes, Pare Fleet

JAKARTA — The state-owned
airline PT Garuda Indonesia an-
nounced plans Tuesday to halve
the size of its fleet but also to renew
it with an order of new planes esti-
mated to cost about $4 bfflion.

A Garuda spokesman said the
utfine would buy 41 wide-bodied
jets and lease seven others from
Co. of tbe United States
and tbe European Airbus Industrie
consortium.

The spokesman, Jansius Sia-
haawij said the airline would buy 12
Airbus A-300/60GS, nine Airbus A-
330s, 14 Boeing 737-400$ and six
Boehm 747-400$, and lease three
Boeing 747-400s and four Airbus
A-300/600S.

Mr. Siahaan said the new jets,
whkfa would replace aging aircraft,
are expected to be operational in
1998. At the same time, the carrier
wiH reduce die size of its fleet to 48
planes from 97 currently, and its
supplier of planes to two from the
current fora 1 .

The new president of Garuda,

Wage Mulyono, ordered the air-
line's expansion program to be re-
viewed shortly after he was ap-
pointed in January.

Mr. Mulyono told journalists
Monday that “the decision to de-
ploy aircraft from only two manu-
facturers is expected to reduce our
operational and maintenance costs
to achieve higher efficiency."

Currently Garuda flies Dntch-
bu£U Fokkci F-27 turboprops and
F-28 jets, McDonnell Douglas DC-

9 and DC-10 jets as well as Airbus
300s and Boeing 737s and 747s.

Garnda repented a profit of S100
million last ‘year, up from S69.6
million in 1990.

Mr. Siahaan declined to disclose
the members of a consortium that
would buy the planes. In tbe past,
the consortium that helped Garuda
lease several planes included PT
Hnmpuss and PT Biman tara Citra,
headed by two sons of President
Suharto. (Reuters, AP, AFP )

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I1NTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Page 16

MARKET DIARY

Program Selling
Overturns Rally

Compiled by Our Staff From Dispatches

NEW YORK — Blue-chip

which lake ad vantage of discrepan-
cies between stocks and futures.

stocks wilted under a barrage of short-circuited the rally,
computer-driven proaram sales just Despite some positive economic

before the closing bell on Tuesday, dala. investors are waiting to see
surrendering most of a moderate proof of robust growth in the form

rally to dose with a minuscule gain, of satisfactory corporate earnings
The Dow Jones industrial average for the first quarter. “We are still in

edged 023 of a point higher, to a trendies market and we are going

. to remain so until we see earnings

N.Y. Stocks

numbers." said Robert Walberg, an-
alyst at MMS International.

The market drew some of its ear-

3235.47. according to early figures — .

The blue chips had been up as much ly strength from a report snoww

as 25 points during the day. Ad- improved consumer confidence,
vances led declines by only a few The Conference Board said its cop-

issues at the close, but the ratio had
been even for most of the afternoon.
New York Stock Exchange vol-

fidence index jumped to 54.0 in
March rrom 47.3 in February.
Traders said bond prices, which

ume totaled 169.40 million shares, slipped after the release of ihe con-
up from 133.98 million on Monday, sunter -confidence index, recouped

Most of the aborted blue-chip
advance had been attributed to
window dressing by big investors,
such as mutual funds, on the last
day of the first quarter. But once
they withdrew, program sales,

some of their losses because the data
were not as strong as had been
feared. The bellwether 30- year Trea-
sury bond fell 9/32 point, raising its
yield to 7.97 percent from 7.94.

(Bloomberg, UP I. Reuters}

Japan to Cut Discount Rate

Reuters

TOKYO — The Bank of Japan was expected to cut its official
discount rate before the local financial markets opoied Wednesday
morning, a senior Japanese government official said.

Another government official said the central bank would cut the
discount rate by 0.75 percentage point, to 3.75 percent.

A rate cut had been widely expected, and was seen as a means of
helping to boost Japan's economy, which is now showing signs of a
slowdown. The rate cut would come just a day after the govrenment
adopted an emergency economic package.

Via Anodatcd fteu

March 31 ]

The Dow

Dafiy dosings of the'

Dow Jones industrial awfifage

S O N D J F M
1991 1982

Dow Jones Averages

Onen High Low cm».

imiji tthu 3*7101 331 IM. 323547 + (123
TKM VOTtiB I391S4 136+41 OM + 1160
Lf HI 2QXAB 206.12 202.90 2SS42 + 1.75
Come 1156-Sa HSIAO 1161 JO ■* A15

Standard & Poor’s Indexes

inouxlrlali

Tramp.

UtIMtin

Finance

Prertow Today

High Urn Close 1PJH.

401117 479 Ji 47941 48201

WAS mi7 33*09 3*174

13443 137.72 lg|j 13845

3+30 3190

3421

IHT

NYSE Most Actives

High Low Loti Chg.

Dollar Loses Ground
Despite Positive Data

Compiled bv Our Staff From Dispatches Economists are expecting the La-
NEW YORK — The dollar end- bor Department report to show a

ed slightly lower Tuesday in light 50.000-job loss for "March, signifi-
trading despite some moderately cantly eroding last month's

positive U.S. economic data.

Reports late Tuesday that Japan
would announce Wednesday a 0.75
percentage-point cut in the discount

Foreign Exchange

rate, to 3.75 percent, had little effect,
traders said, adding that such a cut
was priced into the market.

At the close, the U-S. currency hom ]ead& indicators and
was quoted at 1.643 Deutsche cnnsunier-ennfidrnu. renoris ”

164,000-job gain.

la economic news, the Com-
merce Department reported its
Composite Index of Leading Indi-
cators increased 0.8 percent in Feb-
ruary. in line with expectations.

Meanwhile, the Conference
Board reported consumer confi-
dence rose a larger- than -ex peeled 7
points, to 54. in March.

“The dollar got a little bounce

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| NYSE Indexes

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1 Composite
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NASDAQ Indexes

Previous
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industrials

Finance

insurance

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40645

68107

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High

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39504

39209

39504

+ 143

EUROPEAN FUTURES

CtOM

HW) Low Piw-CtoM

Food

SUGAR (FOX)

U 4. Ooflqn nor metric Mn-wn of SB toss
May 192.40 19X40 193.40 10940 15+60 18940
Mt mat 1M4» IKM 17020 1404 19149
Oct 19140 19140 191+0 T902D 1*140 19240
Dec 18640 10X00 N.T. N.T. 10100 18740
Mar 10800 10900 N.T. N.T. 10100 18740
May 1B9 j 00 190LOO N.T. N.T. 18700 18840
Est. Sale* 560.

COCOA 1FOXI

Sterling ner metric tan>4et« al 18 mm

Mar

NT.

N.T.

599

599

606

610

Mav

627

628

629

618

626

628

Jal

657

158

656

6(7

603

6S4

Sw

681

602

602

670

678

660

Dec

710

716

716

787

715

716

Mw

747

740

750

7 40

749

700

Mar

760

770

769

761

709

770

Jui

788

70*

789

788

787

TC9

Sep

807

BOB

887

804

808

809

Dec

833

S35

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BZ8

833

836

Est.

Sales 0078.

018

COFFE BIFOX)

Dollar* per metric Ion
Mnr N.T. N.T. 821

May B4I B42 843

Jill 8S7 858 BS0

Sep 869 STD 871

MOV 884 187 887

JOB B97 90S W

Mar 915 932 922

EM. Sales 1Z2+

High Law a«e
WHITE SUGAR 1 Matin
Dollar; per metric ton-loti of 50 tom
closing

049

864

881

896

920

823

044

0SB 859
871 072

902 910

920 930

urge

May

AMEX Most Actives

VoL

High Low Lost

CDS.

ChDevA 17504

9ft

Bft

9ft

+ ft

WangB 4583

svt

5ft

Abas 3750

42ft

41 'A

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17ft

15ft

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12ft

12ft

12ft

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US Bias 3313

14ft

14

14

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IGI 3340

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19ft

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NYSE Diary

Clou

Prev.

899

712

774

922

Unchanged

546

602

T trial Issues

2239

2236

23

20

New lows

25

34

Amex Mary

dose

Prev. |

307

341 1

Declined

278

310

236

241

821

794

New H lofts

13

13

New Lows

17

14

Previous NASDAQ Diary

Close

Prey. ]

■M8

731

1.159

1442

1128

2061

Total issues

4035

4034

70 Bonds
10 Utilities
10 Industrials

Claia

9841

9875

9048

Chtae
+ 0.12
+ 807
+ 817

Market Sales

NYSE 4 pjn. volume iBUOOJOO

NYSE prev. cons, close 148.548480

Amer 4 p.m. volume 1 11*48060

Amen orev. cons, close TS4I14W

NASDAQ prsv. 4 djti. volume 1540O+7W

N.Y.S.E. Odd-Lot Trading

Bav

Sate;.

Short*

March 30

757039

739.903

69495

March 27

811015

867482

26024

March 26

825422

7070*0

46015

March 25

821005

893.107

162099

March 24

1010,913

707053

49J48

‘Included In Me sales flaunts.

m nw uvi iiw — n> a 7h -

BAR- - Si It 9R -

- 5»> )l*o -

evi mi nu -
12V- IS 14V -

17* - _ _

.. mm- mw

- 27 - - -

mm* - - -

at

3 ft

6 b

lift

12 ft

3B

It

4+

TVj

_

390

ft

Ift

Sft

—

3»

h

n

N

—

<00

ft

%

2 ft

n

ft

ft

Ift

_

410

ft

■*

1

ift

27850 271 JO 27120 27270—880
Aug 77100 771 JO 27240 27X40 — 040

Oct 24440 244 JO 3615D 36440 — 870

Doc N.T. N.T. 243JB 24SJJ9 — 140

MO r N.T. N.T. 26400 24700 — 850

MOT N.T. N.T. 24800 27000 Unch.
EM. sale l4»a Pmr. sain; m
Open Intemi 18004.

Metals

Close

Bid Ask

ALUMINUM (HMl Grade)

metric tl

Previous
Bid Al

DoUors per

Soat 129240 129340 129440 129540

Forward 1318.00 131840 132000 132100

COPPER CATHODES (High Grade)

Sterling per metric tan
SPOT 12740 127740 128X00 128340

Forward 138340 130400 131100 131140

LEAD

Sterling per metric tea
SpoI 30440 30700 30150 30440

Forward 31740 31800 31450 3)500

NICKEL

Dollars per metric ten

Spat 7395.00 740500 713500 734500

Forward 748000 74SSOQ 742000 742500

TIN

Dollars per metric ton

Spat 574500 575500 573500 574500

Forward 573000 573500 573500 574000

ZINC (Special High Grade)

Dollars per metric h»

127SOO 127700 126800 127000
125700 124800 124800 124900

mg*

low Cl o*e Change

LONG SILTtUFFEI
ISM08 - Pts * nods Of 188 BC*

JOB 94-11 *3-25 Wf2 — JJJ

Sea 94-10 94-10 94-11 —

EM. votumt: 2M15. Ocefl interest: SM«.
GERMAN GOVERNMENT BUND (UFFEJ

DM 258890- 109 Pt3 , „ .

Jim 8745 BJ.H 87-g Hjfil"

San 07.95 B7J2 87.85 Uncn.

Est. volume: 9U4+ Open Inter**: 128887.

U.S./AT THE CLQsi

Sears to Cut 2,000 Jobs Over a Year r ft

j-tt (Combined Dispatches) — Sears, Roebuck & Co* th* iW*

J.S. retailer, said Tuesday that it would step up its u?

V.. nbnnt 7 000 TMSlims within a v». V

CHICAGO

ihird-biggest U.S. retailer, said luewayroai u mu, sop up ns jot,
cutting program by eli min a tin g about 2,000 positions within a year wfafe " * .■»

/I

cutting pr.„ _ ^ r

opening more than 100 new stores li'.fiW*

The company also said stockholdera would vote nest mona, .

irtber Scars should study the posabihiy of dwestmg hwtftf g Jr

■ * _ .U ivtivU A lu^Gfa T rtfnprtwne

5 , » « I l ►

f t * * ;

HU

Industrials

Low UP Settle arge

gasoil (ipej __ _

U J. donor* per metric ton-toti of )M »n*
Apr 16100 15V JS 16CL25 M2 +108
1 6275 14100 16208 MM® +]-08

16448 14X25 14400 14*00 +100

16825 145Ja 166.00 16608 +JJ0

167J5 16675 16775 167JS +8J>

16975 14975 I49J0 M +J»

17175 17175 17140 171Jg UnMl.

17340 17300 1 7825 17300 Unctl.

CC 17449 1700 17440 174JS +040
EM. Soln 11783 . Prev. sates 9.192 .

Oeen Interest 71979

Jen

Jui

Ado

Sct

Oct

BRENT CRUD E OIL _ , , c

U4. dollars nor BarreHef* of UBO Barrels

18.13 18.14 +0.17

May

18.18

17.97

18.13

Jvn

18.19

1709

18.17

Jal

18.12

17.9*

18.12

Asa

1806

170)

1806

Sep

1709

17.90

17.99

oct

1704

)7.91

1704

Nov

N.T.

N.T.

N.T.

Dec

17.94

170)

17.91

Jan

1702

1709

17.92

1BJI9 +0.19

17JM 10.W +0-18
1803 +0.13
1803 +615

Est. Sales 16.107 . prev. sales M78 .
Open Interest 69057

Stock Indexes

FTSE m (LIFF6)

£25 per Moex paint

Jon 24990 24060 247X0 -174

Sap 25150 251X0 7509.0 — 180

EM. volume: WSI.Opwi Interest: 4I03T.

Sources: Reuten Mailt. *^oetataHPra^
London mrt Financial Futures Exchange.
Inti Petroleum E xchanae.

Dividends

Company

rOTWWU

Financial

HMl

Low Close Change

SAP IOO Index Options

3-MONTH STERLING (UFFE)
aMNo-Pteoriwpct

March 30

Jua

B9.T2

88.96

89 JS

— mu

S9P

8940

8930

8934

— am

5trflm

CoflS-Lfflt

PrtvUa!

Dec

B9AI

8902

8906

— 002

Frier Mr

fttov im

Jtf

Mr

Ml M A

Mar

8909

0908

B903

— 001

340 —

16

Jan

9008

9005

— BLB7

id —

_ mm

—

ft

SCP

9005

90.1*

9002

Unclt

IS —

_ _

ft

Dec

m2?

90.18

9004

— 001

3S5 -

__ _

ft

__

Mar

90.15

98L06

90.11

— Ml

at aw

21*1 -

_

ft

n ri 1

Jim

900*

9001

9002

— 004

365 14ft

—

111

Jh 5ft —

Est. volume: 31074. open

nferest:

1 6500).

3-MONTH EURODOLLARS (LIFFE)
II million -pts of W pc)

Can: total v* 5X455; Wcl oocn M. 29100
PBtK total voL SUM. Mol ooen tnt SUV

27»

a

I

35

37*

c

OkR Been Been OocR

Job

9547

9542

9542

-002

Sep

9506

9408

9409

— 002

Dec

9436

1403

9402

Unch.

Alar

9308

9198

9194

-0A2

Jan

N.T.

N.T.

9345

—002

Sep

N.T.

N.T.

9177

Uncti.

Dec

NT.

N.T.

9242

— 002

Mar

N.T.

N.T.

9137

Unch.

EM. volume: 1520. Open Interest: 36476

3-MONTH EUROMARKS I LIFFE)
DM1 million - pts of 1M pci

Calh: tool rt.2: Md aoex un. 22*45
Pelt: mol voLN; Mol open M. 129435
Seum:CBOE.

marks, down from 1.646 DM at the
dose Monday, and al 132.750 yen.
down from 132.925 yen. The dollar

slipped to 1 .4985 Swiss francs from
1.5005

francs, and to 5.571 French
francs from 5.5815 francs. The
British pound ended ai $1.7365. up
from S 1.7360.

Market participants said Lbat the

consumer-confidence reports,'
said Charles Spence, corporate for-
eign-exchange manager at First In-
terstate Bank of California in Los
Angeles.

But analysts noted tbat the dol-
lar eased in Europe because expec-
tations of an upturn in the UJS.
economy may have already been
priced into the currency’s value.

ECONOMY: Outlook Improving

dollar was locked in a tight range The dollar ended at 1.6420 DM.

because most investors were mark-
ing time ahead of Friday's UJS.
unemployment report for March.

down from 1.6525 DM and at
133.07 yen, down from 133.60.

(Combined (him first finance page)
break out to higher ground but
with great difficulty."

Last year the economy began ex-
panding. only to fall back in the
autumn because of widespread
fears about job security. Econo-
mists fear it could happen again if
employment does not increase.

One reason for tins Sisyphean
pattern is the disclosure by the Bu-
reau of Labor Statistics that its

(UPI, Reuten) monthly statistics last year missed

about 650.000 workers who were
counted as employed and on the
payroll even though they had lost
their jobs, a vast undercount that
made the recession seem shallower
than it actually was.

These monthly payroll figures,
regarded by economists as more
significant than the percentage of
the labor force that is unemployed,
are gathered from reports by com-
panies of how many workers they
employ.

WORLD STOCK MARKETS

Agano Franc* Prtua Mafdi3l

CIom P r*v.

Amsterdam

ABN Amro Hid

4iM

45.50

ACF Holding

3140

31. HI

128-50 130 Id

Ahold

55-50

JitO

Mao

AMEV

55

55.20

A Dam Rubber

300

305

Bols

4600

41.10

Buhrntann Tett

46

Center Parcs

NA

70.50

GSM

94

DAF

21-30

J l-AI

DSM

107 10600

11200 11100

Fokker

33*0

3*

Gist-Brocades

3543

3500

Heineken

Hooooveris

5040

SOjO

Hunter Douglas

*9

W JO

IHC Cotand

59

59.20

Inter Mueller

60-80

6 1

Inn Nederland

row

57.70

KLM

3500

36.10

KNP

43 JO

4L4Q

Hedltovd

59*0

5*00

Oce Grin len

7900

73.90

Pokhoea

*500

45.W

Pnilies

36.40

J6J0

Rooeco

97.70

Podcmco

5080

5U2UI

Polinco

9*

■n iu

Rorenta

7140

71*0

Raval Dutch

142

IJnl lever

131.90 18260

Van Ommeren

■U

4? 70

VMF Stark

44

4400

VNU

ei4o

82

JVessanen

9 IJO

Waite rs/Kluwer

71

tan

CBS trend hidee
Previous : 12440

: 12400

Brussels

Acec-UM

2340

AG Fin

2093

Arbed

*170

*m

Barca

Hvs

Bckberl

CdCkerilt

153

155

Cabeod

49*0

Oelrtalm

?460

Electr abei

4700

1332

3310

kVedletbanh

47*5

Pelrafina

Poral Beige

4125

4010

Soc Gen 3aue

4500

QatQkn/r 7170

5olIno

Sa*vo*

Troctebet

L'CB

Powertln

2440

2440

RSSBS^SMf” : 57 " LC!

Ctose Prev.

3830038100

3630C

354

Wei la

61400

413

DAXinde*:! 71706

mw

| Helsinki

Amer A

67

66

Enso-Gutzeil

K.O.P.

row

14

22

14.10

Krme-Te

72

71

Metro

6* 62-50

Hokta

73

72

Poftlcta

64

60

.3

3900

Stockmann

170

HEX Indei ! 826J7
Previous : B2SJ*

Hong Kong

Bk East Asia

22.90

21*0

Coltuv Pocinc

11.60

1100

Cavendish inti

308

308

Cheung r.ona

2100

2100

Chine Llyrit Pmr

3005

3000

Dairy Farm inFI

1100

1100

HanpLung Dev

9M

90S

Hang Sena Bank

4505

45J0

Henderson Land

1600

1*00

HL Air Eng.

I8JU

1L50

UK Oil no Gas

15.10

15-40

HK Electric

16

1*00

HK LOnd

KUO

1000

hk P eater Trust

700

700

HSBC Holdings

39.75

4005

HK Shang HHs

L15

5.15

h< Telecomm

5.45

BA5

HK Ferrv

80S

005

Hutch Whampoa

150(1

1500

Hyson Dev

*00

*40

jarenne Mam.

46.75

4700

Jarainc 5lr HW

20.90

20. *0

Konloon Maw

905

*05

Mcndarin Orient

605

640

Miramar Hotel

705

705

SHK. Props

2700

2700

Sielu/

402

403

Iwr re Pac A

29

29 JO

Tol Cheung Pros

665

600

TVE

263

205

Whorf Hold

IU0

wms On inri

7 JO

70S

Wlnsor Ind.

11-30

1100

World Inl'l

640

6*0

Hang Seng indei

493800

Previous : 47710

Johannesburg

Frankfurt

-EG

All Ian/ M ola
Altana
Aalto
BASF

2T6 IujA
2154 2154
M2 680
886 !U
24124240

Ba<*r 39ajo - 7540

Bo*. Hvoo bank 40640 4 Q 4

Bo* Vereinsbl' 41341440
BBC 665 MS

3HF Beni, 4® 430

2 MW 57440 573

CornmerzaaiA 2S5J02S5J8
Continental 248 JO 74540

Daimler Beru 758:5580
Desuuc 33740 334

01 Babcoak inni74jo
Oeoi sdie Bank 7ij 7ii

Douglrn 694 683

DriMSner Ban* 149.80 3494 c
FelCtnuehle 579 S 15

Harpcner 59940~»4o

Henkel

riocntief

Hoecrul

Howcn

HDlrmann

Horten

IWKA
Kail Sal;
Korslodi
KavRigt
KHD

6264062380
1290 1275
260.90 2S»40

2558025*40

1174 1168

»M 106
3314032240
13913* JO
*•0*9 *55
51751140
145.70 145

KtoKkner Work# I174g| t|f
Knran S:oM lu mi

Linde
Lufthansa
MIAN

Mamosmann
Motallpasell
rtrjectt Rwecu
Nlxdorf

PKI
Fancfte
'Preussag
PWA
RWE

R bain me toll

Seberlna

SEL

Siemens

rnvsser

vena

Vet»

VEW

m it*
1504014940

3764037250

28027600
8224042205
»A 2280
12240 125

570 5*5

SS? 557
3814037870
228 27*

39340 391 JO
. 280 288
01140 8U
387 386
673470.90
2209021780
32040 311

3344038140

21240 713

AECI
Aiiecn
Anglo Amer
?anows
BI*vaor
Suf.'els
De Been
Drietanlem
Gen co*

QFSlA
Hsrmonv
HlghveW Sleel
Kloof

Neabanfc Gro
iTamJtonleln
Rusplal
SA Br**n
51 Helena
5csol
Wwkom
vveslern Dees

940 940
115 115

119JS 170

58.25 OJ5
5J5 5J5
24 74

8385 84 JS
1940 39J5

11 11

7a

19

14 14

29J5 2950
18JS 19
15 1545
n 7175
5640 5575
70.75 3075
19J5 1945
1745 I74S
9*40 9540

Comooslte Stack Index
Prevtou* : 3M3

3550

London

Abbey Nan

203

206

Allied Lvans

602

6.10

Ai-lo W logins

20*

208

Argyll Group

3.15

3.1*

Ass Brit Foods

400

401

BAA

503

505

BAC

3

197

Bank Scotland

1J11

UM

Barclays

305

115

Bass

542

540

SAT

670

070

BET

107

106

Blue Circle

249

203

BOC Grauo

601

644

Boats

405

407

BP

204

205

Brit Airways

249

201

Bril Gas

ISO

201

Bn: 5teei

008

0J8

Brit Telecom

112

114

BTR

407

405

Coble wire

5.18

501

Cadbury Sdh

4J6

05

Comm union

4.12

4.10

Court autaj

5JJ

5JT

Enierprlso OH

3J7

182

Eurotunnel

405

4

F Isons

307

137

Forte

234

137

GEC

202

205

Oen'l acc

Ua

4

GlDva

703

70S

Grand aw

SJB

BJT

GRE

101

1.19

Guinness

509

508

GUSA

14.17

14 18

Ctoee Prev

Hanson

175

mm

169

1 At

ICI

1202

I20S

403

4JC

Kingfisher

*03

445

Lodbroke

216

111

Land Sec

308

1SJ

Lasarfe

507

5l6C

Loams

103

103

325

UC

UcvdsBoJik

305

3183

Lonrho

006

048

Marks 5s

20*

209

MB Caradon

255

257

MEPC

203

11 U

Midland Bk

348

155

Nan Po»w

1.96

l.*4

KafWml

207

24U

Ntnwjt water

340

340

Pearson

7JD

7.*0

P 60

424

Pllklngtan

123

102

Po«e rGen

207

203

Pnidafiltal

219

123

Rank Dro

000

64/

Peckltt Cot

6J1

6J3

Real and

400

449

Reed Inti

5.15

5.13

Reuters

11.17

1100

RMC Grout*

547

SM

Rolls Rarce

100

102

Rothmans

1215

10.12

Royal Ins

7J7

?4S

Ro,ai Seal

102

140

PT2

503

504

SalnsDury

190

349

Sari Newcos

405

407

Scot Power

0JM

0.72

Sears Holds

0.95

0.97

Severn Trent

119

122

Shell

442

*42

Smith Nephew

149

149

5ml in Kline B

803

800

Smith (WH1

4.13

4.17

Sun Alliance

208

205

Tarmac

10*

109

TatoGLrle

403

4JB

T«ca

257

258

Thorn EMI

708

702

Tomkins

401

405

Trafalgar Hie

1.13

1 22

1*5

943

197

1*8

Vodafone

120

12S

36JU

35.94

1045

1000

309

198

Ml Items Hdos

105

10i

Willis Corrocn

203

209

F.T. 38 index : 190X00

F.T0.E. 100 Index : 2448.10

CkM Prw.
IB'm IB'-u
10H 10iB
1499 14»s

pa

173« N.O.
13=* N.Q.
12^6 17W
12*4 126*
16»B

MacMillan Bl
Nan B9 Canada
Power Cora.

Proving
Quebec Tel
OueOecar A
OuebecarB
Telcgiooe
VMeotron

Paris

A CCD* 78S

Air Ltaulde 7*1

Akatel Alsttioin 60S

A«1 931

Boreal rc ICJel 47*40

BIC 685

Bowaves

BSN-GD
Carre taur

Coras
Charoewri
Clown is Franc
Club Med

Madrid

|BV 2855 J 833

Bco Central Hlso. 3835 3845
Banco Santander 4570 4S95

Banes to
CEPSA
Dragoons
Endesa
Ere roe
Iberdrola I
Tabacalero
Telelanlco

2870 2390
2390 2395
2050 2080
3405 3410
273 29*

742 745

6860 *000
1140 1150

255^7

Milan

AlenlO 1700 1799

BoncaCamm 3550 J53S

Baslaal 147 139

Benetton grown 13399 13240

Claatnlels
cm
Cred Hal
Enkberr.
Eridonta
Fen In
Forfln Rlsn
Flat SPA
Generali
I FI

itaKam
I taigas

llaimoainare

Mediobanca

Maniedtsan

Olivetti

Pirelli

RA5

Rlnascente

Somrn

SIP

SME

Srtia

Sl cn dc

Sfet

TgroAul RbA

1675 1660
1060 1590

1940 1910

1205 1220
6730 6700
1646 1626
1160 1132
4830 4750
79(60 28500
12500 12255

17950 17000

34Z 3394
58650 58400
13650 13425
1353 1332
2825 Z775
1200 1260
19SOO 10955
6560 6407
1561 1555
1456 1400
3495 3400
I US 1140
31050 30*90

2190 2)12

1900019350

613 615

1126 1109
2650 2*30
187 18* JO
14630 151.10
1171 116*
351 354

546 546

_ J57 340-50

Gen.finux 2282 2315

Eurcaisnerland 14870 I47J0
Hocfiette 150 15830

Hava* 492J04V660

i metal 322 320

Lafarge Copnec 3*3 3*1

Oom Prev.

116 114

47 JO 47 JO
139 140

112 113

111 111
790 290

122 123

410 417

Afta^svaer^ : ,«634

SCA-A
S-E. Banker
Skandia F
Skansks
SKF

Stare

TrolleDorg B
Volvo

Close Prev
Alberto Energy 10** io?s
Am Barrie* Res 29** 29Vj

EH^gultalne
n.Eo

Learand
Lvon. Eau*
Oreol (L->
L.VJVLH.

Moira

Merlin Gcrtn
MkJieiin B

Mou liner

Paribas
Peril Inev Inti
Pernod- Ricard
Perrier
Peyc eol
PihitampstAul
Radtoiettmtaue
Raft. St. Louis
RadoutetLal
Saint Gooafn
SanaN
S.E.B.

Ste Generate A
Suei

ThonrsonaF

Total

UA9,

Valeo

4250 4250
510 511

003 803

4425 4417
174 172

537 533

167.20 1*780
1045Q 180

394.10 3*690

198J0 199 JO

1552 1555
1700 1700
■25 727

755 7SS
634 620

1Z76 1290

5480 5490

5S5 562

1160 1161
2164 7126
530 53

32433 125-70

161 JO 160.50

23400 23SJ0
549 551

745 738

Sydney

ANZ
BHP
Baral

Bougainville
Cotes Myer
Comalco
CRA
CSR
Cunkio
Fosters Brew
Goodman Field
ICI Australia
Vaoollan
MIM

Nat Aust Bank

News Carp
Nine Network

Pioneer inti

Nmndv Poseidon \jp IM
N Broken Hill IM 135
OCT Resources US 1.13
Santos 243 161

TNT 1£8 106

Western Mlmng 4.93 4.90

SSSSS. BCBklno s ss

187 305
1142 13J0
115 111
0.46 047
11J0 1742
300 177
1304 1300
400 409
5 4.98
1*7 t.95
141 142

5J2 505
10* 106
201 7-53

741 7J9

PJ* 1 7 JO
008 007
3 7S4

Tokyo

Akai Electr 460 480

Asatij chemical 628 «3o

«** 46 v<
20 ** 201-1
17** 17W

21v* 211*

A07 D-D*
11*9 1U*
305 190
7Mi 7V.
6 Vk *'-g
N.D. —
?9i7 29*6

BCE

Bk Novo Scotia
BC Gas
bc Phone
BF Recltv Hds
BP Canada
Bramaiea
Brunswick

ye

Camperju

CIBC . . .

Canadian Pod He l 6 *k 1699
Con Packers 17 17

Con Tire a 18'i 18ft

Canadian Turbo 3.70 x?a
Cantor 27*» 27V.

Cora 5W sv-

CCL Ind B 9*, B’V

Oneplej. 405 J*.

Com Inca 19*» 1 *i- I

Cwtwes: E»Pl A N4J. S3u
corona mu N.a. 7Vj
Denison Min B N.Q. 0.17

Dtckensan Min A AJU 435
Dofasco 16 U ]***

Dvle* A 4J15 415

Echo Bav Mines N.Q. —
Eaulhr Silver A 1 0795

FCA Inti 6 Vt

Fed ind A 7te 7*6

Fletcher Chall A I 6 V- 1 *

FPI _ 445 400

GddCorp 3JB 3

Grattan Grauo N.Q. 0.90
Gull Cda Res 6 V] 6

Hees Inti IS - /* isvj

Hemlo GW Mines BV- eva

Molllnotnr 11*S n*N

Horsham 9u ns

Hudson's Bav

Jen

Sen

9042

9066

S3

9009

9063

— 041
+ 0LOT

Dec

9046

9041

9044

+ 041

Mar

9101

91.16

91 .IB

+ 041

Jun

9144

9144

9144

Unch.

Sc?

9104

91.70

9103

+ 044

Dec

9149

9144

9148

+ 042

Mar

92JB

924Q

9204

+ 044

Est. volume: 31465. Open

Interest:

221306.

Amer All 5easan Fd
Courier Carp
East Group Prep
Echllln me
Gabel |l Eqtv mat
Laurel Boncoro
Ullv Industries A

LL4E Rovalty Trust
tacNeaiSrinmdlr

MocN

Minn Muni Trm
Pilgrim Prime Rate
TronsAttanttc Hkts
Unocal Expfar Cora
Verier Carp

Par

Rec

4.15

+7

+17

+6

S-14

+30

+18

+7

3-31

0-38

+10

+10

7-1

+10

+16

+6

+3

5-22

+22

+7

+15

+6

+23

5-15

5-1

£4

+15

■Mutual; awnorwhfy; R-wrter1»; *-sem>-
aanaal

whether

financial-services business, which includes Allstaa Insmanoe Co.

The decision to slash more jobs from the payroll by early 1993 follo^
an analysis of Sears headquarter that showed the move would sane j* 1
million this year and S80 million a year thereafter, the company said in a

Tuesday that it had adopted a policy aimed at eos^
that it bought no goods produced by pnson tabw in Cbsta. SaS
announced the move in a joint statement with the Amalgamated OotW f
and Textile Workers Union. As a result of the agreement, the nSn ‘
withdrew a shareholder proposal that would have directed Sears’ board to ; >-
study its buying practices regarding Chinese-made goods. (Rmm, A?\

Marathon Oil Will Explore in Russia

HOUSTON (AP) — Marathon Oil Co. has agreed with Russia,
officials to do a feasibility study concerning oil and gas exploration off
Saif halm Island.

Marathon, McDermott International and Mitsui & Co. signed Mo*
day what they called a definitive agreement with the Russian Ministry
Fuel and Energy. The companies indicated that they expected ife
agreement to lead to an exploration program.

Marathon previously estimated Sakhalin exploration would cost sio
billion, making it the biggest agreement ewer for Marathon and tbe non
extensive collaboration between foreign energy c omp a n ies and Russia.

IBM Unveils New Operating Software

WHITE PLAINS, New York (Renters) — International Business
Machines Corp. rolled out Tuesday its long-awaited OS/2 10 operating
software for personal computers, in a lad to take a share of the SI biUton
market.

IBM said its new software would list for S19S. Bui under a tiered
pricing system, it will be offered to Windows users al a promotional prios
of $49. DOS users can upgrade for $99.

IBM has billed its new operating system as more advanced than the
newest and most powerful verson of Windows, which Mfcrosofi is
expected to introduce next week.

Time Defers $2.3 Billion Payment

To Our Readers

Because of the seven-hour time
difference between New York and
Paris until April S, some items in
the Market Diary are from 3 P.M.
New York time instead of tbe usual
4 P.M- or from the previous day’s
trading.

We regret tbe inconvenience,
which is necessary to meet distribu-
tion requirements. AH editions wiD
again cany closing prices and in-
dexes after April 5, what Daylight
Saving Time begins in the United
States.

WASHINGTON (Bloomberg) — Time Warner has exercised an op.
tion to defer the payment of $2.3 billion in bank debt as part of its effort
to refinance or revise its lending agreements.

Tbe New York entertainment and publishing company is negotiating
with bankers to revise the agreements, but no changes have yet been
made, according to a form filed with the Securities and Exchaup
Cb nmm sKBL

Time Warner is seeking a $7 billion credit line for Tune Warner
Entertainment, a partnership that the company formed with Toshiba
Corp. and G Itoh & Co. last year.

Mortgage-Backed Debt: $99 Billion

NEW YORK (Bloomberg) — Mortgage-backed securities issuance
surpassed $99 billion in tbe first quarter of this year, compared with :
about $42.6 trillion of mortgage-backed debt underwritten in me year-ago*'-
period, IDD Information Services said Tuesday. ,1-

The top 15 underwriters underwrote more than $97.19 billion of new
mortgage-backed securities in the first quarto - of this year, ‘
with about $40.76 bOHon a year earlier, according to r—'— — -

provided by IDD.
r, Peabody

Kidder. iPeabody retained its No. 1 position by underwriting 490
mortgage-backed issues valued at about $20.53 bfitlon. compared with
$7.65 billion a year earlier. Salomon Brothers garnered second place, with '*
$113 bOHon, Lehman Brothers took third, with $10.9 bOHon.

U.S. FUTURES

Vo Auotiotad Frau

Season Season
HMi La**

Oom HMl Low Close CIS.

Grains

WHEAT (CBT)

SAOOtxi minimum- dal tars ner bushel

+53

240W

May

34+

34*

17Bta

17V

-44M

409V,

279

Jui

344 rt

160ft

161

-J2V9

+02

292

S«p

169

369

1641*

165ft —03V,

+40

3J9ta

Dec

177

177

3173ft

173*9

-43

+18V,

175

Mar

3J7ta

308

176ft

306ft —41ft

ITS

173

May

163V9

-J30V,

172

102

Jui

143

144

142

144

+jn

155

150

Sep

148

348

348

348

Est. Sales Prev. Sales 15453

Prev. Doy Open Int. 57,100 onWl
WHEAT (KCBT)

SLOOO Du minimum- Pollans per bushel

May

347*9

18796

302V?

X85Vi —

on?

Jui

171

165

367V, —

4m

171

172

368ta

069*9 —

43V,

181

141

176V,

177ft —

43ft

Mar

184

184

183

043*9 —

41*9

Est.Soles

Prv0atas

PrevJJaY Open Int

Chg.

Season

Qa.

High

LOW

Open

High

Low

OOM

Cha

HWl

Low

Open

Htatl

LAW

dm

1530

1201

Jui

1200

1204

I2B3

+2

BRITISH POUND (IMM)

1536

1225

sea

1227

1232

1227

1230

-0

I Sptr pound- 1 DOJnJfoiKiteSfl-flOOl

1500

1257

Dec

1257

1270

1270

1265

+1

14330

1651Q

17160

10790

17096

10138

Est. Solos

Prev. 5a Its &282

10000

16*90

16980

16930

U82D

UOtt

-u

14790

14280

DOC

16660

16690

16630

16634

-a

ORANGE JUICE (NYCE)
1 LOW IDs.- cents ner lb.

17745

moo

MOV

14205

16110

14105

14205

17150

11575

Jut

1*0.55

14150

16850

14105

17540

11840

See

1X245

10190

12245

13325

M50O

nano

Nov

12455

12560

12450

12505

16000

121 JH

Jon

12240

12440

12340

12440

1+540

12140

Mo r

12255

12150

12255

12050

12275

12205

May

12225

12350

13000

12275

Jui

12205

12050

+00

+J 0

+00

Est.Soles ROW Prev. Sales 403
Prav. Day Open InL 9,782 off 14

Est. Sales 9.903 Prev. Solos 11.307
Prev. Day Open int. 24585 ua 23
CANADIAN DOLLAR tlMMl
5 per dir- 1 point equals suoai
0820 02*3 Jun 0356 0360 0349 03S7

8774 8191 Sap 8287 0297 0287 -8297

8740 0130 Dec

0220 8118 Mar

0220 mj& jun

Est. Sates 1028 Prev.Sates 1039
Prey. Day Open Int. 21477 off B

i'Mzt, l * ■ ;<

Metals

3.974 24064

CORN [CBT)

580Q bu minimum- dollars per bunbel

2J*ft

20+ft

266ft

264

26*tt —42ft

205

2J9V9

Jui

177

171ft

269

269ft

— JE

179V,

206V,

Sec

244

264ft

262ft

262ft — Jtlft

175ft

13619

Dec

161

261ft

Uf

Z59ft -41ft

241ft

250ft

Mnr

I68V9

266ft

266ft —41ft

204ft

267ft

Mav

202ft

170ft

270ft —41ft

208

175

Jui

274

—41

Est. Sain Prev.Sates 59.196

Prev. Dav Open lrrtJ7VJ47 oh 1,794
SOYBEANS (CBT)

54W bu min hnum- dollars per tmsftel

*68

567

Mav

508ft

565U

568ft

+JBft

668

S62'<9

JIM

S07ft

503ft

506ft

+41 ft

660

567ft

Aua

50*

642

198ft

641ft

+JDft

6l28

557

Sea

643ft

64SV9

642ft

+05

+Jt2ft

552

Nov

+10ft

613ft

+10

6.12ft

+42

608’y

558

Jan

601ft

+19

601ft

+41 ft

667ft

5.93

Mar

601

608ft

+31

+42ft

652

+16

May

60Sft

607ft

615ft

6J7ft

+41 ft

+42

6J9

Jui

+43

+JRft

Est. Sate* Prev.Sates 11915

Prev. Dav Ooen lnt.121276

SOYBEAN MEAL (CBT)
lOQtnnv dollars eer tan

19440

16450

Mav

17800

17800

17+20

17870

19*40

16+40

Jui

181.10

181J0

TflCLBO

18160

+50

18050

170.90

AUO

18260

18170

irooo

18260

+60

187 40

T7TJ0

Scp

18140

18300

18340

18360

+00

20240

IB2J0

Del

19840

19+50

19740

19+50

+00

20+W

18150

Dec

19940

30000

19940

20000

+00

20450

1*740

Jan

20040

20800

19940

200-20

+JO

71M^n

19+40

Mar

20250

+511

Esi. Sales

Prev. Sale s 1+441

Prev. Day Open int. 57.340 off 139
SOYBEAN OIL (CBT)

6O0W Ib5- dollars per 100 ids.

Asanl Glass
Bank of Tokyo
Brtaaestone
Canon
Casta
Cl fob

1150 1140
1119 1140
1110 1130
1300 1300
I1D0 1080
481 477

Dal Nippon Print 14*0 IJ1C I

Oalvra Haiv \n*n mo 1

772 799

ax an

1931 1*10
2740 27BO
680 474

785 772

Sao Paulo

Banco do Brasil 164 147

Bradesao saso S3

Bran mo 410 360

Parana oannnc 23J0 21

Petrobros 10300 10000

Vole Dip Doce 183 173

Vartg HA. —

Singapore

C»rebw 2J8 2JR

OtY Dev. 172 3JO

DBS 11.40 11 JO

Fraser Meove 900 *85

Gentlng 705 7.95

Golden Hooe PI 1J6 ijj

Haw Par 2J9 U7

Hume insuatries 104 302

MIB Index iftl
Previous : 978

Montreal

Alcan Aluminum 22** ZZHi
Balk Montreal 421* 42H
Bell Canada 4* 4*ui
BomDordler A I6te lote
Bamtardter B 16te 16te
Combior Pb TV.

Cascades 7Vj TVSi

Oom in tan Te«t A 8*, 8te
Donohue )5 N O.

incncon*

Keeoei
KLKeaong
Lum Chong
NMmron Banks

OUB

DUE

Sembcmrana
Shongnia
3 1 me Darny
SIA

3'Dore Land
S-pgre Press
Sing Slegmshlp
Strolls Tfodtno
UOB
UOL

5.10 5J5
495 7

2 J 2 200
8.97 0.95
410 410
800 800
■08 408
70S 70S
700 7JS
5 485
171 204

12J0 12-50
404 4.90
8-50 805
2J5 2J8
270 271
430 63S
109 IJO

1530 1550
3910 3*70
778 769

M 60 11*0
2400 2440
320 312

1Z1C 1740
640 674

S& 519
■040 060

Oalvra House
Datwa Securities
Fanoc
Full Bank
Full Phetc
Fulirsu
Hthxtii
Hitachi Cable
Honda
lis Yafccdc
Jaeon Airlines
Kalima
Kansal Power
Kawasaki Sleel
Kirin Brewerr
Komatsu
Kubota

Kvooera __

Ipfh 1270 T2W
Mansu Elea 1270

Mitsubishi Bf T750 +*01
Mltsubisni Kaaei
MltsuDlsni Etec
Mtraiwsni Hev
Mitsubishi Cera
Mitsui and Co
Mitaukosnl
Mitsumi
NEC

NCK Insulators
NlWta Seoirlixn
Nippon KoBsku
Nippon Oil
Nippon Steel
Nippon Yusen
Nissan
Nomura See

NTT

Inco

Interprovphte
Jannock

Lobe II

LobtawCe
Mack mule
Mas no Inti A
Maritime
Mark Res
MocLecn Hunter m* nig
■' 34*7 35

5^9 6*1

3S=te
34 Wt
=»• 25+i
167* 16*.
2S\. 2S*t
try I8te
S>a *■■*

21 21

5 5

Mol son A

. Noma Ind A

IBM 1330 1 Noronaa inc

Neronda Forest
Nor can Energ*
Nova Cora
osnawa
Fagurtn a
P lacer Dome

*41 *46 I Paco Petroleum

446 450

47C 433

585 5*0

1G40 1030
419 tSO
1050 1070
847 851

*59 *S*

TOO 1820
«J C5B
689 682

720 725

313 329
4M 483
620 *14

i:iO 1250
6360a 6415a

17 16*
BV. 8'-
» 20
8 V» B*i
ws irt
460 405
im ii*.

.5 4*0
400 4.90

2190

1803

Mav

1909

19.95

19.75

200

1905

Jui

2049

)UJ

2044

22-30

1962

Aug

2073

2048

2003

Sop

2130

1966

Oct

2063

2053

2056

224D

19.93

Dec

MJ5

2008

2041

2138

Jan

7145

2145

31 45

2050

Mar

21 JO

2IJ0

2101

2165

2160

Mav

71+5

3165

3165

Ed. Sates

Prev.scies *671

+06

+04

+05

+04

+08

+07

+.13

+.M

+.13

Prev. Dav Open Hit. 69087 up 386

Livestock

*4

*3

lift

24

7ft

7ft

(UB

0.91

15

l*ft

1*7 LBH.

Olympus OaliccJ 1210 12:0

Staffs Times bid. : U1426
PrevtaUS : 142574

Stockholm

AGA
Aiee
Astra -a
A ltai Caoco
Electrolux B
Ericsson
ESUlt4r-A
Homsetsbanken
Norsk Hvdra
FtaeordtaAF
Provhtentlo
Sandvlk a

JTJ JT 8

3S5 J»

54* 545

303 303

264 266

132 133

15T 140

7* 80

115J0 1 52
200 1«6
104 1U
410 4M

Pioneer
Ricon
San*o Etec

Sharp

V.lmazu
SMnetMi Chetn
Son (

Sum Homo Bk
Sumitomo oiem
5um; Morinc
Sumlioma Metai
Talsel Coro
Tnlsno Marine
rakeda Cftem
TDH
Tallin

Tokyo Marine
Tokyo Elec Pw — _

Toaoon Pruning 1550 jigg

rSSrU .'* 1 JS° 400

584 555

rovuta ij7o ijm

famaieilSec

3623 3773
438 491

«D 453
1180 1230
648 650

1420 ;*40
4Q5D 4C50
1690 MW
422 427

riS 725
300 301

750 775

758 740
10*0 107B
3730 3870
460

1310 ISO

3: * me.

JJIklwl 22S : 1*34*

BS&iM,

tavtaui : ICO

602 5*9

Toronto

AWHOI Price 153* 1514.

Agnlcn Eoo'e 4^ «jc

Air Corade 6te i'J.

PWA Carp

Quebec Slurgean N.Q. G.IB

Rcrrrock * n,

Renaissance lTy 13
RooersB 121* 12S

Remnws 94

Ro.ol Bonk Can 23*8
Royal TrustCo —
Sceptre Res
scBtrsHow
Seuoram
Seers Can
Shell Con
Sherrill Gordon
shl System Use

Sout ham
Spar Aerospace

3ieta> A

Tec* B

Thereon News
Toronto Dorrm
Torstar B

Transaitp Udl

TrensCda Pipe
Trllon Flnl A
Trlmac
Triiec A
Unlcorp Energy
woodward’s Lid

&

TSEWgMtag^.lM,

**. 9*6

43*6 44

OPL Bit.
15»S 15**
191*: 19**

1914 m.

N.Q. —
17V* 17**
l**h l*Vb

lew it!*

22% 27*1

12*8 12ft
16ft 16ft
9 9ft

BW 8

7ft 7ft
' “ 10 )
lft

CATTLE (CME)

40000 lbs.- cents per It*

7805 7900 7805 7922

74JS 74.95 74J0 7077

«0O 71U» *9J0 t»Tl

69J5 7000 69.77 69-72

Dec 7005 7020 4905 7002

Feb 69 JO 49JS 69 JO *9 JO

- , . _**»■. 70J0 70.90 7005 7055

Est.Soles 1A745 Prev.Sates 7 2 Jen
Prev. Dav Ooen I nr. 97.194 up 290

79J2

70+5

Apr

7505

47+0

Jun

rua

6+90

Aug

7340

Oct

7160

*700

Dec

70.75

6+10

Feb

7045

6945

Apr

+07

+J5

+.17

HI GRADE COPPER (COMEX)
2S0W Itar cents per Ox

10300

9350

Apr

10145

10170

10600

RX

May

10145

10100

103.10

9+10

Jun

10040

9180

JUI

100.90

101.15

10240

9570

Aup

10X45

9280

Sep

10005

10045

10150

9500

Oct

10160

9+00

Nov

10160

9150

Dec

10050

10050

10140

250

J<ai

9900

99.70

Feb

10250

9240

Mar

10040

18050

IffiUO

9370

NOV

10050

IfJtS

9+n

9140

Jui

Sen

9945

9740

Dec

Jan

Ext. Sales

Prev.Sates 3,100

10B75

10065

1WJ0

10000

10015
10000
9900
99 JO
9900

+00

+05

+00

+.15

+.13

+.15

+.15

+.15

+00

+00

+00

+00

+00

+00

+00

+00

+00

Prev. Day Open Ini. 4600 oH*25

SILVER (COMEX)
iWO trov oz.- cents per troy ax

4124

4124

Apt

5894

3845

May

Jipi

Jui

4144

4164

S574

3885

4175

4194

*834

39+4

Sop

4214

4210

5074

3984

Dec

4274

<2+5

5054

5134

4134

4074

Jan

Mar

4344

4344

*734

*114

Mav

471-5

4)15

Jill

4094

4184

Sep

4624

44+8

Dec

Jan

Est.Soles

Prev.Sates +0W

4430

4401

4560

4500

+5

+3

+0

+0

+J

+3

+0

+0

+0

+0

+3

+0

+0

Prev. Oar Often tut 69014 off 423

PLATINUM (NY ME )

SOirav oz.- dollars par tray az.

52-50 329 J8 Apr 35440 36100 35100 35700 +090

30 33140 Jut 35700 36140 356J0 36030 -W.90

W60D Oct 36000 36500 36000 siur^ +*jq
MLS 364JB -UM

S*« Jon 36TJ0 365.00

F.st.Solcs 5029 Pre5Tsato W 36X31 3 “ J0 +6 ' ,Q
Prev. Dav Open ini. 13342 an 584

OgLD (COMEX)

. I tray az.- dollars per trov oz.

44600 2*30 Apr 342.10 345.10 341 Jo 343-70 +1J0

“ ““ IJO

351 JO
■ 700

+42

+08

+03

8740

7305

APT

7967

8*50

7165

May

7+15

03. 00

71*5

7115

Sea

7+50

7950

7UJ

Oct

7500

7+37

7560

7150

Nov

7+75

7500 7509 75.45

7SJ5 7507 7165

Est.Soles 1367 Prev.Sates iaoi
P rev. Dav Open Ini. 10.146 aft lAM
HOGS (CME)

40000 lbs.- cents par Rl

+05

+42

+38

+05

+48

+J0

*662

3705

Apr

3905

4845

50+0

4207

Jun

4465

4171

4+2D

43 IW

Jui

*162

4400

4645

*140

Aug

4115

4300

<205

3900

Od

3990

*045

4115

41.10

Dec

*300

*4.13

470S

4X60

Feb

**62

4+15

4150

4240

Apr

4205

4242

4045 +00

4567 +142

4*40 44JS

Est. Saks 9480 Prev.Sates 12001
Prev. Dav Open Int. 32434 up 2446

+ 0 S

+70

+40

+J0

+J 0

+42

PORK BELUES (CME J
40000 Ukl- cents oer lb.

58J0 3140 May 3300 3505 3L7S 3470

1700 34J2 Jut 3460 35 SB 34J5 35-50

51 00 3346 Aug 3340 34JD 3305 3305

4900 4460 Feb 45-55 4607 4SJS _

«0O *500 Mar 4500 4SJ9 4500 4 SjS3' —00

5BJ0 MJM War 46J0 4670 4670 *470

Esl. Solas 6031 Prev.Sates 1096
Prev. Dav Ooen inL 1 1,166 ua228

+08

+45

+00

+.10

Zurich

4)000

4Q60O

40400

* 10.00

41100

395-50

n

3»jn May 344J0 +

33840 Jun 34400 34600 343J0 345J0 +

84100 Aug 34620 34800 346.10 347JO +

34X50 Oct 34850 351.00 34840 34900 +

3*600 Dec 351.10 353-50 35000 -mjS +

34800 FOB 35440 3S40O SlW 3ssm X

35X50 Apr 33740 +

354.S0 3® S3 +UB

35900 Aug ttffkn Xjje

36670 +1JD
36*00 +1JD

36640 Oct

34550 Dec

Ex>. soles 30000 Prev. Soles 3*000
Prev. Dav Open UIL107JB8 up 307

Financial

US T. BILLS (IMM)

St million- Pts of 100 pa.

*607 9115 Jun 9502 9105 9179 9502

96.16 9X87 Sen 95-53 9555 9547 9554

*308 Dec 9*00 9406 9448 9405

05 Mar 9470 9472 9448 94J1

95J9

.9543

Est. Sales _30QJ Prev.Sates ^657

+01

+ja

+jj*

+01

Prev. Dav Open Int 36054 Up:

5 YU. TREASURY (CBTJ
SHU0OOprln-pts&32ndsol IWpct

SS-9S «xow Jun 103095 laxno im«j5 idioo +010

ro.110 rauno Sep inxiats +jno

0X140. HI1. 120 Dee oxiS +em

&i Sales Prev.Sates 12014
Prev. Oav Open Int.l 26473 att 5.134

18 YR. TREASURY CCBT)

G32nas of IWpct

... .. Mar m hj

106J9 W-Il Jun IJJ-a 101-25 HR-12 iffS

*-11 W-10 Sep 100-71 100-21 100-14 100W

HU-28 99-21 Doc eoLon

Est- Sate* Prev.Sales 23.923

Prev. Dav Oeen Lnt.101690 oft 2020

US TREASURY BONDS (CBT)

l8Kt-nm0OOmts&32nited)
W4-1* BS-3

Adia intt
Alusulstc
Leu Holdings
Brown Boverl
Clba Geigv
C3 Holding
Elektrow
Fischer

iRierdlscouni

Jelmoll

Landis Gyr

■Vtopwratci

Nestle

Oerlikoft-6

PcraeuiHld

Food

COFFEE C(NYCSCE)
37J00U&- cents per lb.

! 10+Qo

4+15

MOV

H-15

6+90

6805

Jui

7065

trow

71.75

Sea

7160

7X40

10705

7+40

Dec

7+25

7+70

94.75

7945

Mar

79 JO

7905

9+50

8150

8640

MJM

Jui

8+W

8540

Rocne HcWfng S 3075 30*5
5ofro Republic 79 71

Sando:

Schindler

5u ber

Survelltcna
SrHuah-
SBC

Swiss Relnsur
5wl*s Voiksbank
Union Bank
WInlerthur

3480 »W
3658 3700
544 542

7400 7400

w? m

51} 308
3490 3528

ZurlOtlw 2000 TOO

SB5 te dwr : 64338
Pnrvtous : 643J0

£50 +55

10.90 +40

73. JO +05

7655 +J0

7?JJ +J8
8125 +J0

Prev. Day Open In!, 5UW upB25

SUGAR WORLD 11 (NYC5CE)
112000 lbs.- anti per Ul

9J7

7.16

906

901

800

675

70S May
700 Jui
7.91 Oct
80S Mar
BJ0 Mcv
1J0 Jui

855

857

Sfi

871

8J9

Est.Soles 26422 Prev.Sates
Prev. Day Open Hit. 91039 o«972
COCOA (NY CSCE)

10 metric tons- Soer lop

U9

US

853

870

871
874

851

852
856
804
871
809

868

+.13
+08
802 +03

807 -01
806 —02
872 -04

1386

974

May

980

993

1410

1012

Jui

1019

TOO

1427

1050

Sep

1059

1065

1460

10»

Dec

1HM

IW

1239

1140

Mar

1144

1151

1518

1168

Mav

im

1188

m

1019

986

1024

1103

+1

+1

+1

—1

1176 1180 +7

103-10

IQ?-?

loi-is

100-14

W-l

fj

Est. Sales

. Jun 98-30 90-31 98-11 98-33

87-14 Sea 97-28 97-30 97- 0 9T»

SJ6 Dec 96-15 96-25 9*-]

2 MS ^ S-? S-® »wi

W-B Jus 9M 95-7 WJ1 n*

90 Sep u.14

92-IB Ok 5^77

90 Mar vt™

5S

W-30 Sen nii

Prev. So test <2436

—7

—7

Prinr. Dov Open im J0S4S6

MUNICIPAL BONDS (CBTJ
ilOWx Indnc-ets8.32nds of IWpct
97-2 92-14 Jun 93-16 93-24 93-12 93*21

93-8 Sea K- 2 J

91-20 _Dec_ . nT

95-10

»t-a

g»t Sales _ Prev. Solas

Prev. Day Open Int. hjw uo47

EURODOLLARS (IMM)

nmilllanatiaiiqopct.

«06 K50 9541 9547

9832 Sep 9104 9108 9197 950?

9U* DK 9426 94J0 +C20

*2

+2

+2

£76

9130

9600

*442

*4-21

9105

U56 Mar 9198 9402

982? Jun 9147 R3L5)

9A27 Sea 9258 9302

?S37 Dec 9ZO 9247

9028 Mar 9256 9241

9040 Jun 92.17 9222

9036 Sea 9201 9206

MJ1 Doc 91.75 9177 91J4 9177

9024 Hat 91J9 9)02 9 J? nS

987) Jun 9107 91 JO 9107 «iu

91J1 Sep 9108 9)00 9 )jb nM

91.11 DK 9139 910) 9)39 Si4f

, 9875 Altar 9101 9153 9149 9T01

ESI. 501(8230097 Prev. Salesl 50,1"
Prev.DayOpenim.l22lOD4 un

+02

+03

+02

+03

+08

+03

9301

*205

9300

9100

*234

J2.19

.*265

9401
9151

9302

i 9247 +03

5 924) +03

■16 9232
9208

+03

+02

+01

+01

+J7I

+01

+01

+01

GER0UN MARK UMNO
Sper marie- 1 naint equals S0JM01
6490 0332 Jun 4013 405 0990 4814

64W 0685 Sep 3937 3M5 3917 JOT

jnCMi 3750 Dec 0860 0878 JM0 0874

-5775 0)50 Mpr

Est- Sales mms Prev.Sates 38511
Prev. Dav Open int 68730 off 463

0834

48 CS”

+1

-A

-9

JAPANESE YEN f IMM}

labSOJnOOQI

Snerven-1 point eauabl

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W7983 007280 Sep J Q7497 0 07531 0O74B9 007529

WB045 007450 Dec 087523 007323 007515 00)539
■07535 JN749Q Ms 007399

Est. Sates »229 Prev.Sates 19,113
Prev. Day Open int. 40300 aft 1010

+6

t* '■:•.

■« (rl

SWISS FRANC (IMM I

S per franc- 1 patntewmte RL0W1 '

JTO6 4451 Jun 0602 4618 4573 6404

J230 SCP 0513 4660 4509 4«T

„4a0 ,43« Dec 4495 4578 MSB 44W

EsLSates 14022 Prev. Safes 18042
Prev. Day Open int 31018 aft 34

Industrials

COTTON 2 (NYCE)

50000 lbs.- cents per itx

B4 May 50.10 9900 5800 SUO +1*

5*00 Jui 5901 61JH 5903 MCT +J2

;560 £06 Oct 6000 31J75 6000 6)J» +«

S-22 SS ^ 6, -32 6120 6132 6LH +4

59-90 Mir 6200 63.15 68.15 +■*

66J5 £0^5? Mav A-intl 6177 +27

6300 6100 Jui 6335 6435 +JS

Est.3aka Prev.Sates &m

Prev. Dav Ophi Int. 37089 att 1004

f.iL-

HEATING OIL (NYME)

420W aal- rente ner oal
6340 4900 Apr

May 5208

4900 Jui 5205 3343 5208 &J5 +01 ''7

»J0 Alls 3300 5*20 SUO

Sen 5*05 5505 5405

Ori UM UM UK

57 JO +32

sus

5550
54J5

SIM

6020

5965

S9JS

6090

SUO

iWtal

*338

63J5

5400

5335

5150

Apr

3295

5+30

Mav

5240

SUB

Jun

5125

5X15

Jui

5245

5X45

Aug

3X50

5400

Sep

5445

5+35

Oct

5+05

5+05

Nov

Dee

57 JH)

5700

Jan

58JD

5800

Hsb

5760

i/68

Mar

5560

5560

Mav

5130

5130

Jun

5105

5105

Est. Sates 34067 Prev.Sates 29062

Prw. Day Onen InL 874» oft 1J98

LWHT SWEET CRUDE (NYME)

1 jnObtal^ dollars per bbL
2+^0 1700 Mav 1922 1909 1902

17J0 Jun T906 1942 1906

Jui ” “ ■'

2400

22.11

2100

2*00

2136

2148

2400

2106

2109

1942
21.14
21.10
2105
1947
1931
21.13
1900

1943

+.19 •">

1730
1705

1701 Sep
inro oct

1800

ia62 Jon

3-P

T 8 J 6

]8J? Apr

MOV
18^ Jun

}§?? Jui

ass

1900 Oct
1904 -

1905 Mur

V s6 *. Prev. Sales 51.176

Prev. Day Open munUCT upX776

>906

19.58.

T-S

.

JV65

1963

+.18

IfM

1962

+.15

1966

T9J?

+.11

■"V

1965

19J7

+J1

1966

1955

+49

„h«T

1964

1954

ts

1 UI

1967

+ 0 J

1962

+JB

1905

1907

,

1908

ts

1907

+45

m

1909

1*61

+JX

■ V“.,

7964

+41

, h ,-

W67

+41

j 1 *’ ,

1930

+4)

1902

1*57

+*

1945

1965

+42

*-C

5BJS

U^EADSDCASOUHE (NYME)

42^0 oal- cents Per aal

to 5540 5900 3840

S. J £ Mav 3? - ss *** m

Jun l®® 6100 M40 6 ] -S

JJ2 J y' 60-70 6100 «w 61-5

H I? iiw £& §3 +3

“5 Nov 5500 5500 5500 WJ *4!

HSO ,5300 Dec 5400 54J0 5400 3401

33

+01 k - : ■

Eat Sotes 3*814 Prev.Sotea 24075

Prev. Dav Open int.101014 off 1312

+40

4". •:

Stock Indexes

(Indexes c om pi le d shortly Before nwld dam)

»£SJ!!S-i!E ex « c * ,E J

PoMttandOMus _ ;v -

mx OTOO Sgp 40*50 «7^l 40195 ^ i’f'

«* 4 *6 J0 Dec 405J0 *hm asm asm

^SSonen.^SSS^SST >

^40 20500 Mar 22440 22WS +■»

^30 »1 Jun W9I 22400 2224) 22345 +-g i > .

BIN - 21235 Sep 22300 wm 2ZU) 72*25 1 . .

»»B0 22*05 Dec 22*00 22545 22J3D 234JB +-B '

ESt. Sales Prev, Sot cs L*v.

Prev. Dav Open In. )•

CommodHy Indexes

r&&£ ® .

pffiU, »fig

Com. Roseordi 20907

MV**

Sff»

jfv.

■20S7* j,+-

Market Guide

cbt:

CME:

IMM:

COMEX:

NYME;

KCBT;

NYFE:

Odcoae Board of Trade
PHcaoe. MtramWte ExdWP*
imenwffeeiof Menedtry Mortet -
Of cNgqbo M ereanme Cx^raor^p,
Hew votk Cocoa Sugar, Coftea

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taw York .

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fobsO^eraY-

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4*y sftat it *,■«.>■ ,, ■ « r.

&T2 asj* J

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Page 17

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aregacv '

Haring 'Temporary’ Consultants

Bull Sees Light at End
Of Unprofitable Tunnel

atwpr afr-Tju. r . 3 /dad the com

Mp«<«CT for V. if 7*^1 . more tasks bn
<m «acr* wm- ?■■'; jfr ''' cede more per
'£y . ■ -h " ihafwaybecsm

^P eratu, p *oftw SPi£J5

P6****3- — . •■•; The comm

*4»iw*-4»-u:cc • *r| ; campaigning .

a tSd w is* r a ■ •; .-■ ^ X * nect positions

, . *ir tap"* “

14 ip* for n . L nar personnel

ckti 47 :. -r, l(; ; 1 J independence

;|W ' 11 - signed to pot '

fcj&sten as avrs ^ . above national
5 «f «5rd.-ftv. W . .,:7 »r * .. “ft's really *
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gtfmnenu. - asthmal exper

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tek-Kt vr..r. .; u . •■

&= Sewir iP /j£ •

i! - ByChaifcs Goldsmith

t ’■ h^hmtkaal Herald Tribme

BRUSSELS — In a bid to

- -chert the power of the Brussels

' borearimey, ' national gpran-'

• meotsare requiring the EC Com-
£ nffidofftodihne the ranks of its

poMa^nt dvfl sovice by tum-

- t^iocaeashig^to oidsideh^

Coosnltants retained on short- .
| ptn 1 <CTflracts and ** Ml iO M l ex-.

now perform many
commisaoo tads, bur they are
hot part of the 14/XXkuanber
/ EGtavil services
1 - i{eni)er ; states, have

s askdd the a vnmhd im to take oo
. more tads but are rdnetant to
- 1 cede more power, rather fike it
“ ihai way because temporary staff
party far less ckmt than bona
fide ‘‘EuFomats. 1 '

• '■•; The commission, which is
■ _• anyuignij^ for more perma-
nent positions, warily (yes the

. burgeoning number of “exter-
nal’’ personnel as a threat to the
, hukpendence of an agency de-
signed to put EC-wide ctmcems
above nationd interests:

“It’s really a matter of jealou-
sy" said Daniel Gras, senior re-
searcher at the Coder for Euro-
pan Policy Studies in Brussels.
The member states don’t, want

than grant the commission new
peanaoeat poatams."

The commission complains
that member states have recently
damped many new areas of re-
sponsibility on Brussels, but
have refused to provide new per-
manent staff to cany, oat the
wortload. The EC executive
.body says it therefore has no

Gonsnhaiits now
perform many
commission
tasks.

choice but to bring ih outside

commission as external person-
nel, in addition to the 14,000 civil
servants. Two years eariier, there
were only about 3,000 external
workers.

The number of national ex-
perts lent by member states and
paid for by national ministries
bas doubled to did from 33d in
the same lime period. Sncb ex-

fid, so they would rather. send
naiinnal experts or allow outride
coosnltants to be hired rather

“We’ve got more mid more
- people wonang for the commis-
sion as consultants and national
experts, and their loyalties are
not always tbe same as these of
EC civil servants, 7 * said an aide
to Antonio Cardoso e Qmha, the
EC commissioner far adminis-
tration.

In some new areas of commis-
sion competence, such as the en-
vironment, consumer protection
and aid programs for Eastern
Europe, “some offices are filled
almost entirely with external per-
sonnel,” the aide said.

At the end of 19M, there were
5,7]g people working for the

mg posts in Brussels, usually for
a two-to-five year period.

These people have careers
back home m ineir member state,
not here in Brussels,” said an EC
official. Tfs only h uman that
their allegiance is to their nation-
al administration, not tbe com-
nassioQ."

On the other band, says Mr.
Gros of the Brussels-hared re-
search center, national experts
return home with important ex-
perience of the way the EC
works, which contributes to ef 6 -
caent enforcement of Communi-
ty law at the member state level

Outside consultants, he says,
hold another type of allure for
budget-conscious Community
governments.

“The nice thing about consul-
tants is that you can fire them,”
he said. “You can’t fire unpro-
ductive EC civil servants. All you
can do is put them in an office in
the comer and leave them there."

Compiled by Ovr Suiff From Dupaicha

PARIS — Groupe Bull, the gov-
ermneni-con trolled computer mak-
er, repeated Tuesday its third con-
secutive annual loss, but its
chairman said it expected to break
even this year and become profit-
able in 1993.

For 1991, Boll announced a loss
of 330 billion francs ($591.3 mil-
lion). narrower than its 6.79 bQlion
deficit for 1990. In 1989, the short-
fall was 266.7 nnffiou francs.

Most of the 1991 improvement
was because of lower nstracturing
provisions, which fell to 675 imQion
cranes from 3.6 billion in 1990.

‘Thanks to Bull's deep transfor-
mation, we realized significant im-
provement,” said Francis Loren tz,
the chairman. Later, be said Bull
would show an operating profit this
year and a net profit in 1993.

Mr. Loreniz said, however, (he
computer market remained de-
pressed. His company is restructur-
ing to become competitive in tbe

open -systems sector, and last year,
it brought out a string of products
that wort with standard systems
and with Bull proprietary systems.

In January, Bull signed an ac-
cord with International Business
Machines Corp. (hat includes shar-
ing chip technology for RISC, or
reduced-instruction-set computing,
a building block in open systems.
IBM wflj invest about $100 million
in Bull, which is reportedly seeking
additional capital. France owns
about 90 percent of tbe company.

Another dement in the restruc-
turing was a reduction of 9,000
workers, or 19 percent of its staff,
during the year. Mr. Loren tz said in
February that more job cuts would
be accessary, but not as many.

The company also took full con-
trol of Bull HN Information Ser-
vices In&, a U.S. subsidiary com-
prising tbe forma' Honeywell com-
puter line. It gave NEC Corp. a 4.7
percent holding in Bull in exchange
for NEC’s shares in Bull HN.

(AFX, Reuters, AP, Bloomberg)

Bundesbank Plans Win dfall for Bonn

Reuters

FRANKFURT — The Bundesbank is expected to report Thursday
that it is making a record transfer of profits to tbe cash-strapped German
government this year.

Estimates for the profit to be handed to Bonn by the central bank
ranged from 14 billion Deutsche marks (583 billion) to 15 billion DR
economists said. The transfer would be well above the 7 billion DM
provided for in the budget.

The transfer will go to the federal government, which has made more
progress in bringing its budget under control than have states.

STEEL Who Needs Protection ? American Industry Can Now Compete With Metal Imports

t: S99

-c -

fejwnsr & *•

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feSflT evre *^a- > -*

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• ilr y

- laal

■

■ “•‘-r

^ - - •
t 5v - ■’ ' ~

• ; V. :■

“ (Continued from fiist finance page)

nafrimiTk that pushed the big mills
to change their ways.

The value of the dollar played a
big role, too. When the doHar was
' strong in the mid-1980s, American

efficient to^riock
"inroads by imported steel When
tbe dollar later weakened, foreign
steel prices rose mid imports fdL
„ American steelmakers stiD have
■ weapons for trade battles. They can
, file legal cases against foraga pro-
ducers accusing them of swing
steel below cost or of benefiting
. from government subsidies; several
of these actions have already been

dnstry’s recovery,” said the Rover- started to criticize themselves now
end WiTHam T. Hogan, a professor rather than blindly defend them-
of economics at Fordham Unrver- selves,” said Kiicbi Mochizuld,
rity and the antbor of a number of prescient of the U.S. arm of Nis-

books on the industry. “The agree- shin Steel Co. “And that is healthy,
ments have erven them an opportu- It is the first step to improv e ment
mty to catchup." They are devdoping the courage to

He added that the steel industry say that they have problems and
spent S23 MDkm in the 1980s to that they need to be attacked.”
modernize plants and buy effident In fact. U.S. steel companies
e quipment Same of the money have became more effident than
came in the form of joint ventures those overseas. It takes an average

more steel than demand, and that gradually changing the competitive
has caused prices — and profits — balance of the industry. Once these
to remain in the doldrums. smaller companies were confined

In fact, a ton of the sheet steel to producing such lower-quality
that goes into cars is priced at items as reinforcement bars for
about $440 now, compared with concrete used in highways and
$504 in 1980. While the lower cost bridges and material for fences,
of producing steel has meant that wires and nails.

modernize plants and buy effident In fact, U.S. steel companies
e qmpmgnt. Same of toe money have became more effident than
came in the form of joint ventures those overseas. It takes an average
with Japanese and South Korean of only 5.3 man-hours to produce a
steel companies. “Without the ton of American steel, compared

agreements,” Father Hogan said,
“we would have a high influx of
imports, and l doubt they would
have been able to invest as much.”

with 5.4 in Japan, and 5.6 in both

steelmakers have profited in good
times — the six largest producers
earned $ 1.2 billion in the robust
economy of 1989 — they have been
ravaged by economic downturns.

While the large steel companies
have scaled down, (heir smaller

Germany and Britain, according to competitors, the mhmnills . have
statistics by the WEFA Group, a become significant challengers.

!.• - n 1 -- A U-L VT —

consulting firm in

Under the terms of the sted im-
port limits, American sted compa-
nies had given op sane rights to
battle the pricing practices of for-
eign sted manufacturers.

The sted import mrotay “have
been an important hdp to tbe iri-

A total of $3 biHioo of foreign Pennsylvania. The American fig-
capital nxwtly from Japan and Ko- ores lode even better when com-

ma, has been invested in the Ameri-
can sted industry. Many American
executives have been exposed to
foreign sted companies’ methods
of operation and labor relations.

with 6.4 man-hours a ton in

in Brazil

Korea, 73 in Taiwan and 8.9 because

These minmnUt., which indude Nu-
cor Corp , Birmingham Sted Corp.
and Oregon Sted Mills Irn^, typi-
cally operate with far Iowa costs

sted and have largely nonunion

‘many American managers^par operations, they are still plagued try
Ocularly the younger ones, have toe effects of overcapacity. There is

Despite the emergence of big wort faces with wages about a
sted companies as efficient, trim third Iowa than those of the union-

ized stedworkers at the big mills.
Minimi!! companies, Too. are

Today, they have a virtual lock
on items like beams that support
buddings. And some are moving
toward the big companies’ bread
and butter: the flat-rolled sted
used in automobiles and appliance
parts. As a result, big steel compa-
nies consider the nrimmills to be as
much a competitive threat as for-
eign sted is, perhaps even more so.

Tbe importance of sted pro-
duced by these small sted compa-
nies has grown sharply. In 1980, the
five largest sted producers ac-
counted for more than 60 percent
of all of the domestic industry’s
shipments. By 1990, that figure had
dropped to slightly more than 40
percent

Inflation
Up in West
Germany

Compiled by Our Staff From Dispatches

FRANKFURT — Western Ger-
many's cost of living will show a
year-on-year rise of at least 45 per-
cent in March, the highest since
late 1982, independent economists
said Tuesday.

Data from four Western states,
which are used to calculate the pro-
visional figure for the whole of
Western Germany, show prices
rose between 4.5 and 5 percent in
March from a year earlier.

Ros Lifton of Nomura Research
said the state data pointed to a rise
for all of Western Germany of 0J
percent in March from the previous
month, and a 4.7 percent increase
from March 1991, the highest an-
nual rise since November 1982.

But economists said inflation
would probably peak at this level
and slacken in the rest of the year,
so that prices would show an aver-
age rise of between 3.5 and 3.8
percent for 1992 as a whole.

They said the surge in March
inflation from the year earlier was
due mainly to lower oil prices and a
rise in tobacco taxes in the year-
earlier month.

Separately, tbe VDMA trade
federation said Tuesday that orders
placed with the machine-loo] in-
dustry rose 6 percent in real terms
in February from a year earlier.

(Reuters. AFP )

Krupp Earnings
Increased About
38% Last Year

Compiled by Our Staff From Dispatches

HANNOVER — Gerhard
Gromme, chief executive of Fried.
Krupp AG, said Tuesday his com-
pany's 1991 group net profit was
about 300 million Deutsche marks
(SI 823 million) last year, up 38
percent from 1990.

Mr. Cromme said sales rose 2
percent, to 15.2 billion DM.

He also defended Krupp’s con-
troversial takeover of a nvaJ steel-
maker. Hoesch AG, saying it was
time for Germany to abandon anti-

a oated industrial practices. Krupp
locked German markets when it
launched a bid in October, reveal-
ing that it had secretly bought 24.9
percent of Hoesch shares.

Krupp is 74.99 percent-owned
by a foundation established bv
heirs of the founder, Friedrich
Krupp, and 25.01 percent by Iran.
(Reuters, AFP, Bloomberg)

Frankfurt

DAX'

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Paris

CAC 40 .

msz-

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Index

• 1391

Frankfart
Frankfurt
Helsinki
London .
Ldndoft 7 ^

■Parte " • CAC

StoOftofen A fej
Viatwra Stoc

Zurich • . SBS

Sources: Reuters. AFP

CBSTFgrtd"
Stride index
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HEX

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FTag 100 ■ ~
General Index
MtB
CAC 40
Afiarsvadden
Stack Index
SBS

. •

V17J6

S2&67

2,440.10
255.47
■ 9314)0

105434

643.20

tSSf • : -1982 - •

: Pm."’

Close ” Change

12460

■ 5,742^ •-aog;; .

■ saaBs'. -*£59 :

825-94 '

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466.40 t<3.06 ,

; 643.50 -&.<S ~

InicfiuHimul Herald Tribune

Very briefly;

• France’s National Accounts Committee, beaded by the finance minis-
ter, expects gross domestic product growth of 2 percent this year and 2.6
percent in 1993, the Finance Ministry said.

■ Accor, the French hotel group, reported that it had group consolidated
net income last year of 948.6 million francs (5170 milli on), down 5.6
percent from a year earlier.

• The Irish government blocked the takeover by Ireland's largest newspa-
per group. Independent Newspapers, of the unprofitable Sunday Tribune
company, saying tbe merger would restrict competition.

■ Asea Brown Boveri LttL the British unit of the Swedish- Swiss ABB, has
increased to 80 percent from 40 percent its holding in BREL, Britain’s
biggest maker of railroad rolling stock, ABB said.

• Tele Danmark A/S. Denmark’s majority state-owned telecommunica-
tions group, said it expected to improve its profit, despite lowo- rates, by
increasing its market penetration and cutting costs.

• Renault’s oldest factory, in the Paris suburb of Boulogne- Bill an court,
and often called the last citadel of France’s labor movement, has been
closed after 63 years of producing vehicles.

• The right to handle tbe year’s largest international stock sale, Wellcome
Trust’s sale of up to £4.5 billion (S7.65 billion) erf stock in tbe British
pharmaceutical group Wellcome PLC, has been won by the American
investment bank Morgan Stanley.

• Aegon NV, the second-largest insurer in tbe Netherlands, reported that
1991 net operating profit rose 1 1 percent to 712.8 million guilders ($385
million), in line twin analysts’ expectations. Rouen, AFP, Bloomberg

Ferrari Sales Advanced 10% in 1991

The Associated Pros

MARANELLO, Italy — Ferrari, the renowned Italian maker of luxury
sport cars which also runs a Formula-one racing team, reported Tuesday
a 10 percent rise in its 1991 revenue, to 660 billion lire ($528 million).

Ferrari, which is controlled by the Turin-based antamaker Fiat SpA,
said its production amounted to 4,460 cars in 1991, compared with 4,293
the previous year. About 72 percent of Ferrari’s production was exported,
mostly to the United States,

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

Tuesday’s Closing

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Tuesday’s dosing

Tables include the nationwide prices up to
the closing on Wall Street and do not reflect
late trades elsewhere. Via The Associated Press

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Low-ivey Recession

i>biri Fett HardrLuck Tales Told

2$y Leslie Helm . . ,

. .■ .^jfagefer Tints Sdrwte' ■' ■

-TOKYO — Saks of SI, 000
dfisgoer. dresses have .plunged,
^at.<kpaztmeat stares . remain
crowded with shoppers and Mal-
aahita Electric’s. $2300 wkb-
screen television set is selling

.■/-Mgit dobs serving die young
*iesiHl doing good business, but
<5nzabaroperai<HSsaybo^Qe8&
oxstamers snow Httle interest in
thetara* $300-a-drink services. ■
. Demand for 1 overseas tour
jiaduges is strong. But business
ttsvdeis are on strict budgets.

- Welcome to recession, Japft-

Tbc boom in stock and land
prices of die iaie 1980s has
mined to bust and now theprob-
Ins me taking a toll on business
and consumer confidence. Bous-
ing starts have phmged wink
corporate investment and con-
samerspeajdmg are stowing. In
the Iasi quarter of 1991, Japan’s
eftinmn y acUiwDy ufanmiy

But with severe labor short-
ages and a pwrinnai tradition of
lifetime anpkjyment, there have
been no sizable layoffs and few-.
. Japanese, actually worry about
hang their paychecks. Instead
. of firing workers, companies re-
deploy them — and life goes on.

So fa; Japan's economic slow-
down has prodneed a lot of can-
boos behavior but few hard-luck
stones. However, there is growing
coaxm among economists, poB-
tiranyt and business leaders that
the Japanese connnnwc nwririnf*.
may be beaded fa a breakdown.
The fear is dot the economy be-
came so overheated in recent

down might o^^^y^lo'die

nation's ntirtiitJi'Bil might

Althoogh government offidals
insist the economy is merely go-
ing through a bncf arm ament,

Pnme MmistcrKnchi Mjyazawa

admowiedgsd the scope of Ac

problem Tuesday by announcing
a package of stimulative mea-
sures,. including immediate
spending on public works and
tax cuts for anali businesses.

{The Nikkei average of 225
. stocks feU 32336 yen, or 1.6 per-
cent, to 19345.95 Monday, its
lowest levd since January 1987,
wire services reported.}

But Tetsoo Tsukhnnra, the
chief economist at the Tokyo
branch of the UJS. brokerage
Smith. Bamsy, Hams Upham, is

“This will be the worst reces-
sion in post-war Japan,” he says.
Mr. Tsnkimnra predicts a 0.4

percent dedme in Japan’s gross
national product this year, the
first since 1974.

At the same time, some econo-
mists see little advantage to
American and Euroj>ean conroa-
nies seeking to- gain an edge
against Japanese rivals in global
markets. The reason, they say, is
that Japan tends to step up its
export drive when times get
tough at home.

To boost the economy, Japan
win spend more than 75 percent
of the government’s SI 15 biQion
public- works budget before Sep-
tember.

The Bank of Japan, Winch has
roasted pressure to cut interest
rates, is expected to announce a
P3 to 0.75 percentage point dis-
count-rate cut later this week.

Masajm Yoshitond, director
general of the Economic Plan-
ning Agency said Tuesday the
measures would inject more than
S30 bflfion into the economy and
help Japan attain its 33 percent
growth target for this year.

But many economists and
business leaders are already call-
ing for additional government
spending in a new supplemen-
tary budget — a move for which
Mr. Miyazawa recently ex-
pressed support

Hitachi to Slash
Executives 9 Pay

Reuters

TOKYO — Hit by weak performance in its
semiconductor, computer and andto-visnal busi-
nesses, Hitachi Ltd. wiB cut executives' salaries by
10 to IS percent and dday raises for 9,000 manag-
ers by six months, a spokesman said Tuesday. -
Eght top executives, indodmg the chairman,
p reside nt and vice presidents, are doe for a IS

£cte lake lO^ercent pyafe"’

Separately, Hitachi introduced a new range of
gmafcompntefH armtad «♦ mrfmrtrinl cUStomB*

Hitachi said it would ship its S-3800 series
beginning in January 1993, with monthly r entals
from 47 milKo n yen (5350,000) to 125 million yen.
Its S-3600 range will be available starting in July of
this year at up to 30 rmlHon yen a month.

For Gvil Servants,
A Shorter Week

Hunters

TOKYO — Gvil servants in Japan are to get
shorter working hours.

Employees of the central government will have
two days off every week starting in May, a govern-
ment spokesman said Tuesday.

Japan’s 500,000 dvil servants now take the first
and third Saturdays off every mooth, except for
those with special jobs such as at museums and
government hospitalsw

The new working week is part of the govern-
ment’s effom to cut average yearly wraking hours.
Hundreds of Japanese die every year of karoshi, or
overwork, according to the National Defense
Council for Victims of Karoshi, which says Japa-
nese work an average 2, 168 hours annually, against
1,642 far Germans.

Moody’s Cuts
BigBanks ’
CreditRating

Compiled by Our Staff From Dispatches

TOKYO — Moody’s Investors
Service Inc. said Tuesday it had
lowered its credit ratings lor four
Japanese banks to reflect the dete-
riorating quality of their assets, af-
fecting almost 57 billion in debt

Separately, bankers said that
Japanese commercial banks had
built up loan reserves totaling $1
billion (o cover possible losses in
the Commonwealth of Indepen-
dent States.

The banks downgraded were To-
kai Bank LuL, Bank of Tokyo Ltd,
Mitsui Tfust & Banking Co. and
Hokuriko Bank Ltd.

Tokai Bank, based in Nagoya,
and Bank of Tokyo had their long-
term credit ratings lowered by one
notch. Mitsui Trust, the third-big-
gest trust bank in Japan, had both
its long- and short-tom ratings
cut, also by one notch, while a simi-
lar downgrading of Hokuriko was
limited to its short-term rating.

Combined Japanese bank loans
to the former Soviet Union are esti-
mated at about $4 billion and re-
serves set aside for possible default
may amount to Sl2l billion.

Mitsui Taiyo Kobe Bank Ltd.,
the world’s second-biggest bank, is
spending 3 billion yen ($23 million)
to change its name Wednesday to
Saknra (“Cherry Blossom”) Bank,
a spokesman said. (AFP, Reuters)

World Bank Cools
On Yen Bonds

Bloomberg Businas News

TOKYO — World Bank officials
took a stq> back Tuesday from am-
bitious plans to issue more yen-
denommated global bonds, but de-
fended the performance of the
tank's first such issue.

The World Bank’s vice president
and treasurer, Jessica Emhom, and
the tank’s top manager for dollar
and yen debt, Paul Segelbaum,
said the 250 billkni yen (51.88 tril-
lion) bond secured cheap yen fi-
nancing and pleased investors.

Thebond went on sale March 10
at a feed reoffer price of 9933 yen.
It was trading Tuesday around
99.10 yen, yielding 539 percent.

Chung to Cede Control
Of Hyundai Units’ Stock

Compiled by Our Staff From Dispatdta

SEOUL — Clung Ju Yung, the
South Korean tycoon turned politi-
cian, said Tuesday that he was ced-
ing control of his multibiUion-dol-
lar stake in the Hyundai Group to
protect the reputation of his new
political party.

A Hyundai spokesman said Mr.
Chun®’ who founded the group,
would entrust his shares to his
younger brother. Chung Se Yung,
the currcm chairman of the con-
glomerate, which is South Korea’s
second largest.

The elder Mr. Chung founded
the Unification National Party ear-
lier tins year to oppose the govern-
ment of President Rob Tae Woo.
The UNF won 31 seats in a general
election last week, making it the
second-largest opposition party.

Mr. Chung said the money raised
by the sale of his stock would be
“returned to society through politi-

cal activities.*' an indication the
money would be used to finance his
party. He said he would sell “as
much Hyundai stock as possible.”

According to South Korean
press reports. Mr. Chung is thought
to own stock in Hyundai subsidiar-
ies that is worth about 2 trillion
won ($2.6 billion).

“In order for the UNP u> become
a public political party in name and
reputation, it needs to break ties
with the Hyundai Group,” a UNP
spokesman quoted Mr. Chung as

airiko was

An, Satellite TV for Singapore

m are esti- O A

m and re- Rrutm

We default SINGAPORE — Satellite-television news will be beamed into
ion. Singapore homes for the first tune on April 2 with strict censorship

. - . : i - j .cr.j.i. T

Singapore Gahlevision Pic. will relay a 24-boor feed of Cable
News Network, with a Home Box Office movie channel and a
Mandarin Chinese entertainment channel to follow on June 1,
officials said.

“The same censorship standard that is used on SBC will be used
on SCV,” said Chang Long Kiat, Cablevision’s general manager. He
was referring to the state-owned Singapore Broadcasting Corp. “The
movies shown here will not be the ones seen in the United States.”

HBO, a unit of Time Warner Iikl, will provide the movie package in
advance so that Cableviskm can review or rqect selections. Passages to
be censored will be specified and HBO will make the cuts.

“We will indicate themes sensitive and unacceptable in Singapore
— like homosexuality, encouraging drug use, inflaming race and
religion — and after a few months we expect the working relation-
ship will be smooth,” Mr. Chang said.

Shenzhen Is to Triple Stock listings

Compiled by Our Snff From Dtspauha

HONG KONG — The number of companies listing their shares on the
Shenzhen Slock Exchange, one of China ’s two bourses, is to triple in the
next three months, a state-run newspaper said.

STim/hen also is to expand, the area's Communist Party secretary, Li
Hao, said in Beijing. He was quoted Tuesday as saying that the central
government had approved the plan to merge the zone with neighboring
Baoen County, increasing Shenzhen’s size more than six-fold.

There will be 30 stocks traded on the bourse by the end of June, up
from 10 at the end oflast week, the China Daily said. (Bloomberg, AFP}

Investor’s Asia

Hong K ong Singapore .

HarigSerig Straits Times

sia -*.—--4.- '• m — x r

Tokyo

Nikkei 225

EjcctatftjjB- . Index

Hong Kong - -HangSeng
Singapore StradsTime

Mr. Chung was quoted as saying
that be was “in the process of pre-
paring legal documents with my
promise that I would take my
hands off all matters regarding
Hyundai stock rights."

Hyundai reported group sales of
S37 billion in 1990 and employs
170,000 people in South Korea.

(Reuters, AFP )

T <* &>".y ■ ' NP&225..;

Kuala Lumpur Composite' .

■ ser...

Seoul' ■ 7 " Composfla'^ Stock

U'FM ,/3W '0 N D J-F M .

1332 1891 • 1988

Tuesday Prev. % .

Close' Close Change

4 , 939.30 4 JJ 78.27 :: ,-OiJQ

” 1 , 414 JK 1 , 425.74 > 0^81

1 £ 82 J 50 1,57340 + 0 ^ 8 -

19345.95 , 18,66931 AM
59331 597 . 69 . - 0 . 75 .

822.72 82734

60632 "^7769 AAA

'' AfiOOJM '

1,09234 JJJ91.19 -tO.16

" 27839 27835 + 0.05

1,40831 1,40730 + 0.03

t£BT. 7 t 1309.11 ' + 3.07

InunulHMul Herald TrilHine

. ^ ;; Sfbdt Index

HttvZaad&nd MZSE-40 “
Somta^*"- 1 . National index'
Sources: Reuters. AFP

Very briefly:

• OunTung Holdings Ltd, a brokerage owned by Standard Chartered
PLC, was censured by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange for failing “to
perform its duty” in the sale of stock and warrants in Cathay Gty
mtematianal by not settling a trade when the buyer did not pay cm time,
e Guangdong is to become the first Chinese province to completely free
grain prices on Wednesday, the official China Daily newspaper said,
although it is prepared to subsidize fanners if prices fall too low and
resume rationing if the cost goes too high.

• Vietnam is likely to cut a $50-a-momh minimum wage that foreign
companies must pay local workers to as low as 530, the Vietnam
Investment Review repotted; local companies pay as little as 55 a month.

• The PbjSppfoes expects to buy the 5137 billion of its debt tendered by
foreign commercial banks for about 52 percent of face value as pan of a
55 billion debt restructuring, said Jose Cuisia, the central bank governor.

• Matsushita Electric Industrial Ltd’s AAA long-term bond rating is
under review by Standard & Poor’s Asia Ltd. because of earnings
problems that are preventing it from restoring its balance sheet to
previous levels after the 56.6 billion purchase of MCA Inc.

• Tokyo Department Shun Co. said current profit fell 17.S percent in Lhe
year to Jan. 31, to 9.225 billion yen (569.3 zmltion), and it had a net loss of
1.60 billion yen because of weak consumer demand.

• New Japan Securities, Japan’s fifth-largesi brokerage house, dosed its
Los Angeles branch and transferred its activities to New York.

• Tokyo Gas Co. and Mitsui & Co. will set up a joint gas company in Kuala
Lumpur of which they will own 25 percent, Malaysia Mining Corp. will
hold 55 percent, and the public oD concern Petrous will own 20 percent.

• Singapore Aerospace won a $12 million contract to modify Boeing 747
aircraft owned by South African Airways. Bloomberg, Rouen, AFT. UPl

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rf Catogorv A AS li«

tf Category B AS 155*

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rf Category A 1 12J7

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PRISM ASSET MANAGEMENT

(212)332-1032 advtsa- I d :

tf Prism Futures Fd IEFFI—S 277.W

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tf Harmonic Futures LM 5 91-55

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SKAMDIFOHD

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rf Equity mn Acc S 14J0

rf Equity loti Inc S 1250

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NORIT CURRENCY FUND

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nr Mult!. ::, reocy 1 2&9B

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rf SBC Sir Bond B SF

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tf PocH Invt FdSA t t .859

rf Pad! Invt FdSA DM DM 243*

rf PacH Invt Wrat FdSA I £ 339

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rf Tnorntan Orient Inc Fd LM S
rf Thornton PhIL Redev. Fd_J
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-<V ij

Page 20

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1992

RTS

• More Clout, Get
Cross-Town Cubs

The Associated Pros

The American League West just
keeps getting better and better.
Now it has George Bell, too.

The league's most valuable play-
er in 1987. was traded by the Chica-
go Cubs to the Chicago White Sox
oo Monday for outfielder Sammy
Sosa and reliever Ken Patterson.

Sosa and BeQ are both from the
town of San Pedro de Marcoris in
the Dominican Republic.

Bell a nine-year veteran, spent
seven turbulent years with the To-
ronto Blue Jays before signing as a
free agent with the Cubs in Decem-
ber 1 990 for a guaranteed S9.8 mil-
lion over three years.

“We got the guy we wanted,”
said the While Soxs general man-
ager. Ron Scbueler. “We got Lbe
pure hitter.”

Bell, 32, has averaged 154 games,
28 home runs and 100 runs batted
in during his eight full seasons in
the major leagues. He won the
MVp award in 1987 after hitting
.308 with 47 home runs and 134
RBIs for the Blue Jays.

The left fielder hit 2285 with 25
home runs and 86 RBIs for ihe
Cubs last year.

Bell's addition bolsters a strong
lineup that already includes Tim
Raines, Steve Sax. Robin Ventura,
Frank Thomas, Dan Pasqua, Carl-
ton Fisk and Ozzie Guillen.

The While Sox finished 87-75
last season, second to Minnesota.
Every club in the West was .500 or
belter in 1991.

Sosa, 23, batted .203 with 10
homers and 33 RBIs in 1 16 games
with the While Sox. He adds speed
and defense to the Cubs' outfield.

o In Port St. Lucie, Florida.
Dwight Gooden pitched three-hit
bail over six inning s in his most
impressive performance of spring
tr ainin g as the New York Mets beat
the Montreal Expos, 5-0.

Gooden, who is recovering from
rotator cuff surgery last September,
walked three and struck out five.
He is to pitch the Mets' borne opner
against Montreal on April 10.

It was the seventh straight vic-
tory for New York, which at 15-9
now has the best spring record
among NL teams,
a Players Ready for Lockout

Murray Chass of The New York
Times reported from Scottsdale. Ari-

For four weeks, Donald Fehr has
been traveling through Florida and
Arizona telling the members of the
union he heads to expect the own-
ers of the major league teams to
employ a two-stage strategy in the
next 12 months:

• Reopen the collective bargain-
ing agreement in December.

• Lock out the players from
spring training next February.

“Ire almost a herc-we-go-again
thing, ” Fehr said after one of h is
recent meetings with players. “You
don't take it as a certainty because
a lot can happen between now and
then, but at the moment, I assume
they will reopen and 1 assume they
win lock out. They have clearly left
the impression with the players that
they intend to lock out. If they do,
it'U be a long one so you have to
prepare Tor Tl You plan for the
worst-case scenario.”

In planning for lhaL scenario, the
Major League Baseball Players As-
sociation is in the process of accu-
mulating a fund that, a year from
now, is expected to total between
$125 million and 5)40 million. Hie
money, which would be used in the
event of an extended work stop-
page, comes from licensing fees
that the union is holding instead of
distributing to the players.

But concern about a labor con-

The Shrinking World of Soccer;
Birthrights for Sale, Small Fee

frontation is premature, owners :

say. “We're a long way from mak- ; *5^

ing any of those deosons," said k p y ■ '

Bud Selig of the Milwaukee Brew- fF ™ : J r '■

ers, chairman of the board of direc- ?. 4t •

during a spring^lockou^m 1990 _ , t .

runs to the buj either

tion we have^ and wtfdt* silly not

to consider the cation,” said Jerry ^v^w*"*** • .

Reinsdorf of the White Sox. who is If - ... 3v<

a member of the Player Relations x

lbe playti^dmde Uk nrnrnt To ' " ^

SMSSJKSE ™ H f 5hb ?. <,t * Los A-ffte Dodg^totfe AM straight

southing ttaCui hove 10 be ?“ sP™&g|™« »» hu, nine nroanjBalkingfoQ rni fire
considered." nmmgs «s Ihe Kansas City Royals won, 9-2, m Haines Gty, Florida.

Ton? Rnmr/Agence ftam-PBsK

It’s the Naked Truth About Football Players

The Associated Press

LONDON — Unlike the United States,
lockerrooms are generally off-limits to the
media after sporting events in England. The
idea of a woman reporter in the clubhouse is
especially unheard of.

So it was a novelty when the London Mon-
archs of the World League opened their lock-
enoom to accredited journalists — including
women — after their football games.

Anne Barrowclough of the Daily Mail
went into the dressing room following the
M anarchs' 31-28 loss to the Frankfurt Gal-
axy at Wembley Stadium on Saturday nighL

Her story, published Monday, probably
will not win her many friends with the t eam,
with feminists or with American woman
sportswriiers.

The article began:

“American football players look better

with their clothes on than they do naked. Their
shoulders are bigger, their bottoms snaDer and
their trousers do Tor their legs what lycra
leggings do for those of teenage girls.

“When all that glittering apparel — huge
shoulder pads, predatory helmets, sexy pants
— come off, though, they are reduced to
being just big men with huge thighs and
overly fleshy stomachs."

The story continued:

“Being in the lockerroom wasn't an edify-
ing experience. The smell of stale socks and
fresh sweat does nothing for me. Some of the
bodies, as I have mentioned, could have done
with the Hip and Thigh Diet. And the conver-
sation? Women fantasize about lockerroom
chaL It holds the same fascination for them
as purdah does for men.

“But all anyone wanted to talk about on
Saturday was the game. I might just as well

have been in the pub after an Arsenal [soccer}
match for all the enlivening conversation 1
got”

As for the game:

“Nothing much seemed to be happening.
This game was for first place in the European
Division of the World League, but to the
uninitiated it seemed that inertia ruled” and
“the ball was constantly hidden under piles of
players whose only occupation appeared to
be butting each other with their helmets.”

But Barrowclough found one redeeming
feature:

“The woman in front of me had decided
that Monarch players Nos. 2 and 3 bad the
nicest bottoms on the field and we agreed
that American football players are sexier
than English soccer players because their
shiny leggings stop you from having to lode
at dirty, hairy legs."

International Herald Tribune

L ONDON — What price a birthright? For four
decades soccer players have been for hire, mind,
body and sod. Now, for a small extra consideration,
the sport finds ways to bend the laws of nationhood.
In Europe. Alexander Mostovoi of Russia has just
become a Portuguese by means of a marriage of
convenience to a lady he scarcely knew that so he can
join seven other forrign-bom players on Benfica's
team.

In the West Indies, World Cup 94 has its first
winner, Puerto

Rico, featuring Roh •

New Yorkers rath- ■ ffjT

erthm Puerto Ri- Hughe*
cans. What a way

to kick off the 582-match contest to scale down 138
entries to 22 qualifiers for the tournament proper in
the United States.

Oneway or another, Americans will have a presence
in the historic taking of the world game to them. The
host team qualifies automatically, and the U. S. team's
coach. Bora MDutinovic, a Yugoslav, is polling every
string he can to be able to include South African Roy
Wegerle in his squad.

Why not? Everybody’s doing it New York semi-
pros. never likely to catch Bonrs eye, now call them-
selves Soccer America's first World Cup winners.

The farce reads like this. In December, Puerto
Rican players mutinied after their coach, Victor Hugo
Barros, was fired. The federation did not try to find 11
men from 3J million islanders to beat the Dominican
Republic in the two pre-preliminary round qualifying
matches of the Caribbean North of the CONCACAF
region. (Now you know why there are 582 matches!)

So the federation called in Arme Ramirez, Long
Island University’s soccer coach. Ramirez, a Costa
Rican not Ptwrto Rican, brought in 14 Americans,
most of whom had never seen the Caribbean.

The loophole exploited by the federation, and con-
doned by FIFA, is that all Puerto Ricans have UB.
citizenship. The Dominicans protested, reasonably but
in vain, that “the United Stales has a team in the Worid
Cup, a country cannot participate with two teams."

Puerto Rico, try winning by 2-1 in the away match
and bolding on for a 1-1 draw at borne last Sunday,
i-laimari its first World Cup triumph. The derisive goal
came from Mark Lugris, who by virtue of having a
Puerto Rican mother, captained the team.

Who knows, if Lugris can negotiate time off from
managing a New York City restaurant, he and his pals
might be six games from taking Puerto Rico to the finals
in their own country. The United States, that is.

T HAVE TO side with the boys of Santo Dmzdqgo in
X rooting for Jamaica to put a stop to that Mean-
while, what lessons in national pride or fair play are
handed to Dominicans like I6-year-old Omar Cuevas,
whose effort on behalf of his republic has just been
snuffed out by big brothers as much at home in Puerto
Rico as Russians in Ukraine?

Not that we old European soccer stagers set much of
an example. The Mostovoi “marriage” is par for the
Portuguese course.

For years the big Portuguese dubs have used dual

domestic league (and only three m the European Cam

Benfica. with two Brazilians, also possesses throe
Swedish interna t/onais, and now three men whofs%
played for what was the Soviet Union. Mostovoi
arrived in Lisbon on March 12, obtai n ed a certificate,
of marriage to an un-named divorcee (bom in Iqfa-’
grad bat retaining Portuguese citizenship from hg
first marriage), and qualifies as a “home” player. .

Indeed, Isaias, a Brazilian forward also manied to a
Portuguese, has similar status with Benfica.

You will be relieved to know that rules count for
something, somewhere. Mostovoi will be unable to
bdp Benfica in Wednesday's European Cup ^
agains t Dynamo Kiev because he was not signed
before the stipulated deadline. At least, I think that a
a rule which even Benfica might not circumvent .

Nevertheless, the old Lions of Lisbon, and thur
Swedish coach, will be eliminated- Barcelona requires
only a tie in Prague against Sparta to reach the
European Cup Final, and what reward that will be for
Barca's hired Dutch, Danish and Bulgarian import!'

The other European Cop finalist could be the dog.
est thing to a team erf “pure" nationals in the comped,
tion. Red Star Belgrade, the defending champion, tig
Serbs, Macedonians and a naturalized Romanian de-
fector, Miordrag Bdodedic, but in sport if hardly in
reality, they represent Yugoslavia.

S PEAK TO Red Star players and officials and they
swear that soccer should have nothing to do with
war or policies. They are angry that, while league
matches go on with unmolested safety in (be 10QJXIB.
capacity Red Star stadium, the team is arced to play
European Cup matches in Hangary or Bulgaria. •

The “Wandering Serbs” are not losing, but the bank
balance is gutted. Red Star reckons it has lost more
than $6 million on European Cup matches this season,,
even though its fans follow it in the tens of thousand!

This Wednesday, their support will be vital Red
Star has built up a one point lead, but its, opponent
□ow is the Italian chanmiem Sampdoria, which beat
Red Star, 2-0, in Genoa last November.

The goals came from Gianluca ViaOi and Roberto
MancmL And though Vialli's temper has blown hot,
hotter and violent, the team around him has been
unbeaten in 15 I talian league matches since then.

The forego theme might bore you by now, but it is
worth mentioning that Toninbo Cerezo, the aging
B razilian, and Srecko Katanec, one of hundreds of i
Yugoslavs abroad, have a pretty influential effect on
Sampdoria strategy.

It will be a tight, very, very cagey semfinaL A tie
would benefit Red Star, so the onus is an Sampdom
to score and force the defending champions to show
the goal-scoring power that makes Darko Panccvand
Dejan Savecevic certainties to join the exodus to
Italian dubs.

The alternative, alas, is that there is no team tom
content to kill a game than Red Star. It won the
European Cup on penalties last May, proving that
pragmatism is the last thing in the world a Yugoslav,
finds foreign.

Hub ftafho baa the Baft of Ar Stank? Thao.

BOOKS

LIFE ITSELF: Abortion in the
American Mind

By Roger Rosenblatt. 194 pages. $20.
Random House Inc., 201 East 50th
Street . Nw York. N.Y. 10022.

Reviewed by

Christopher Lehmann-Haupt

W HAT more is there to say on the
subject of abortion in America as,
to borrow the opening image of Roger
Rosenblatt's “Life Itself” angry pro-
choicers and prolifers try to face each
other down in public demonstrations,
with haired burning in their hearts?

Precisely that if this conflict can't be
resolved, perhaps it might be useful to
resolve just why it can't be resolved.

In his thoughtful healing new book.
Rosenblatt a well-known print and tele-
vision journalist and editor for Life mag-
azine. begins by pointing out that 73
percent of Americans polled in 19 90
were in favor of abortion rights, yet 77
percent in another poll said they regard-
ed abortion as a form of murder.

“Most .Americans are both for the
choice of abortion as a principle and
against abortion itself — for themselves.
To state that ambivalence is to begin to
deaj with it” be writes.

He doubts, moreover, that the intro-
duction of the French abortion pill RV-
486 in the United States will diminis h
conflicted thoughts about abortion.

“RU-486 is an abortifacient not a con-
traceptive. The only problem it will
solve, should abortion ever be legally
forbidden and the drug smuggled into
the country, would be to create a way
around the law, not the mind."

Then why. he wonders, can't Ameri-
cans live with this conflict Americans
who should know better about living
with conflict than any civilization in his-
tory'’ In answering, Rosenblatt begins by
reviewing the entire history of attitudes
toward abortion with three questions in
mind:

When is a fetus a person? What cir-
cumstances justify an abortion? Who de-
cides? His point is that in all of human
history to date, no culture has ever been
able to answer these questions satisfacto-
rily. And yet Americans continue to
wrangle.

He then explores what it is about the
United States that has made abortion
such an explosive issue in recent years.
He begins by citing American religiosity
and the loss of a consensus on anything
during the past quarter century, and goes
on to describe certain characteristics of
American thought: “individualism, opti-
mism. a preoccupation with evil and a
dogged rruddle-clossness. especially as
regards sexuality." each of which “has
become peculiarly explosive when abor-
tion has touched it."

Finally, be summarizes conversations
he held in 1990 with people in Iowa, a
state that he regards “as a model of how
we might both discuss the complications

of abortion and find a reasonably satis-
factory attitude on the subject"

Here, through quiet conversations in-
stead of confrontational demonstrations,
he manages to bring out subtle nuances
of the debate as well as samples of the
humane reasonableness that he believes
to reside on both sides.

Yet this book trails off a little because
of die power with which Rosenblatt sums
up the dilemma early in its pages:

"We must be willing to acknowledge
and live with an imponderable, agoniz-

ing and fundamentally ambivalent ele-
ment in our national life, and we have
not yet been able to do so. Yet acknowl-
edging and living with ambivalence is, in
a way, what America was invented to
do.”

After this, there is really not all that
much to add, Yet this eloquent summing
up of a tragic dilemma explains why
“Life Itself" is required reading.

Christopher Lehmann - Haupt is on the
staff of The New York Times.

PEANUTS

YES. MA'AM ..I NEED
TO RUN HOME BECAUSE
ITS RAININ6. AND I'M
AFRAID MY DOS IS
6ETTIN6 WET...

YES. HE HAS A
D0SH0US6 BUT
HE NEVER GOES
IN IT...

NO, HE DOESN'T HAVE An
I UMBRELLA ..I DON'T KNOW
WHAT HE DOES WHEN IT RAINS,

c 1

BEST SETTERS

BEETLE BAILEY

X PONT \OH, -*711 JUST
TRUST THAT J 90N Y REALLY
MAN ONE } KNOW

by Dr. Such —

TRIAL BY FIRE, by Harold Ccyk

Let Wafa
Wick aoLta

1 THE PELICAN BRIEF, ty John

Grisham -

2 RISING SUN. by Michael Crich-
ton —

3 THE ROAD TO OMAHA. by Rob-
ert Ludhun

4 THE ELF QUEEN OF SRAN-

NARA. bv Tory Brcc<u

5 VOX. by Nicholson Baker

b PROBE, ty Margarci Waaler Bod-

auxM

7 DISNEY’S BEAUTY AND THE

BEAST

3 SCARLETT, by Alexandra Ripley

9 TREASURES, bv Behn Ka=s

10 OUTERS RIDGE REACH, by

Robert Slow

11 THE CAT WHO MOVED A
MOUNTAIN, by Lilian Jackson

DOONESBURY

P^SKAUj: AcrS 7AUW6 TO
as- TEAM 3USHO WPM&i I
nKssaaa ’xrai£rTX> \
TDFZS&FO* XtHAMT5>. ~ ffi
Tr*SP°Ki- ■■

! tF-TfSPSBWfnw6exiwnsm
| K7HS<^rZNF£CCK?.7MeStKYS
tOLLft&rT' just 7muiJY
rUUfS? mut HOFlW, XKJOL
fTA!& ttv BOSTON HAP30P
ft wrffi8„

TNISI5B?2UWB>.
H&Dori&saiAL.
ANOMWSS.ANEd
seammsKveo Anon^esr
JUST THIS TEAR... \

m.

jSiv *

6 KC? AiOrfT. GNEF!

SS ZX&'BPiXEP
«BS/ A&^OVSfLTfS
PJ6NT, 5VJBOFARM W&JP-.
BO? ^

fyO %

L'*// I

NONFICTION

1 REVOLUTION FROM WITHIN.

bv Gloria S iriirpm

2 DOUBLE CROSS by Saw Gina-

ana and Chuck Giancana .....

3 BACKLASH, by Susan Faludi —

4 ROGUE WARRIOR, by Richard

Vtarcmko with John WeisjBan

5 DEN OF THIEVES, by James B.

Stewan —

6 UNTO THE SONS, by GavTatee

7 MEMORIES, by RalpC Emery with

Tom Carter — . — -

8 THE TEXAS CONNECTION, bv
(ZraiiL L Zhbd

9 TEE OVERWORKED AMEKL

CAN. by Juba B. Schor

10 BROTHER EAGLE, SISTER

SKY: A MESSAGE FROM
CHIEF SEATTLE, illustrated by
Susan letters

11 MOLLY IVANS CANT SAY
THAT. CAN SHE? by MoDy Ivans

12 PLAUSIBLE DENIAL, by Mark

Lane

13 ME: STORIES OF MY LIFE, by

Katharine Hepburn

14 THE END OF HISTORY AND
THE LAST MAN. by Francis Fu-

IJ ^^IHE MOMENT. by Rii£

ard Nixon

ADVICE. HOW-TO AND MISCELLANEOUS

1 A RETURN TO LOVE, by Mari-
anne Williamson 1 6

2 MORE WEALTH WITHOUT

RISK, by Charles J. Givens 4 17

3 AWAKJtN THE GIANT WITH-
IN. bv An ihonv Robbins 312

4 HOW TO SATISFY A WOMAN
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INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1. 1992

Page 21

BASKETBALL

By Thomas George
Hew York Tima Service

CINCINNATI — Every way that Anthony
Bofoni turned on the UniwEsryaf Cincinnati
f rams on Monday afternoon, there was a
tanSshake, a pat on the hack, a good word.

Bnforf, Cmdnnatfs versatile, p 1 “

aard, was standing in the can

5b m another wcS-wishcr off® ^

pq vrfrnl GncamatTs inclusion in the semifinals
of (be National CoDegiatc Athletic Associa-
tion’s basketball tournament meant to him and
toothers.

Tvegot $500 seats, right on the floor* the
fan and fellow student said. "I won’t miss a
minute of this. You guys have jrat Gncimiati
b ufcetb aB bade on the map. Tins is going to be
cog big party in Minneapolis — and here at
bone.”

Buford smiled.

f^ater he explained: “No one can know just
ytmf (bis means to ns. AD of oor lives, as kids
playing basketball, you dream d paying in the
FmalFour- I*ve taped aB of the recent ones.
Now HI have something special to add to the
collection.

For Cincinnati , a Return to the dory Years

“AH rtf toy teamtnflte* and melrwo w what if «

Hke to have the eyes of the world fixed on you
for all the wrong reasons. Just two years ago, I
was transferring from Akron to Ikxc and 1 was
getting hate mail from the Akron fans. I had to
sit out all of last year yet loq) my mind focused
on basketball. 1 almost gave up. It seemed my
chance would never come. Ana then to have all
of this happen in my last year of coOegp ball?
We are living the dream.”

Qnannatfs 29-4 season, which includes an
88-57 trouncing of Memphis State in the Mid-
west Regional final on Sunday in Kansas Gty,
Missouri, earned the Bearcats their Final Four
berth against Michigan this Saturday. II all
serves as a throwbackherc to the ^ny years
almost 30 years ago when players Kke Oscar
Robertson helped Cincinnati make Final Four
trips routine.

The long drought in between included a
three-year probationary period from the

NCAA and one-year chmmaticn, in 1988, from
postseason play for the school Many of the
Ononnati players, however, have experienced
their own sot of personal drought. Ten of the
11 players on the Bearcats’ roster are transfer
students, eight from junior colleges and two
from other Division 1 schools. There has long
been an andefinaNc stigma placed on junior
college players:

• Too dumb to make the big

• Not good enough to play with the big boys.

nnrmrmtj and its coach, Bob Huggins, may

rhanff » much of that perception tins week in
Minneapolis.

“We Remit people, good people, whether
they arc junior college kids or not,” Huggins
said “We get people who want to do the ngfat
things and want to goto dass and make some-
thing of themselves. We fit ttwrr need «rut they
fit ours. They know that we care about them
first as people.

“Hoe, even in oor own hometown, we're just
beginning to educate people. We’ve got a guy
; while k '

who grew six inches while in junior college and
worked hard to become the type of player he is
today. We’ve got guys who transferred because
of a change in coaches and in their old school's
playing style. There are often myriad factors
why a guy starts out in junior college, and they

aUdon t have to be negative factors. What we’re

talking about here is opportunity.”

The university thinks erf itself in much the
same manner. Its brochures read: “A compre-
hensive university with a personal touch.”

The university is situated 3 nules (5 kilome-
ters) noth of downtown Cincinnati and has an
mmlhrimt of about 36,000. The institution is
noted for its engineering and music programs
and for its distinction as the first in Amenta fm
1906) to offer cooperative education for its
students, the idea of dasswotk combined with
practical on-tbe-job experience.

The players say that the university and the
city are not too big or not too small bat just
right The city’s divase economic base offers
job opportunities a far basketball they said.
And their coach, in his third season here, has
offered the right touch. “He knew what it
took.** said Buford, “to get us where we are
right now.”

It look Huggins and the players fitting all the
different pieces together to form a common
bond. It took diving for loose balls — “Thu’s
not optional** Huggins said —and a relentless
fuQ-coun pressure defense that kept producing
turnovers. It took the humor of junior forward
Terry Nelson, a standup comedian, to keep
everyone loose and players Hke Nelson who do
the dirty, inglorious work under the basket.

Huggins has worn the same, lucky brown suit
for (he last 10 games, all victories. He said he
will later offer it for charity — after the Final
Four, of course.

Huggins arrived here in 1989 after five sea-
sons as head coach at Akron and three at Walsh
College. In his II collegiate seasons as a head
coach, his reams have won 20 or more games
eight tunes. He said from the start that Cincin-
nati would eventually make the Final Four.

“I had 15 or so friends in the coaching
business call me and tdfl me I was oat of my
mind, that I was potting too much pressure on
myself,” Huggins said. “What happens too of-
ten is that people are afraid to dream and are
afraid of bong disappointed.

Tm honest and direct and sometimes I don't
jve the answers that people are looking for. I
loo’t say to my players to do it because I said
so. 1 say do it and here’s why. They listen. I
listen. My father was a coach and I grew up in a
bouse always full of coaches. I learned than are
so many different ways to skin a cat.”

Then; are also many ways to make a “cat’’
lean and mean and full of desire and once again
the apple of a city’s eye. That is what CLocin~
naif s Bearcats are today.

“And no one can take that away from us,"
Buford said. That is what our college experi-
ence has meant-”

i

!16

8

‘(26-0
Howard (17-13)
EvanevtUo (24-5)

gToxao-EI Paso (25-6)

5 Michigan St- (21-7)
[12 SW Mo. St (23-7)

4 Cincinnati (25-4)

1 13 Delaware (27-3)

6 Memphis St (20-10)
PflpfMnfine(244)

Arkansas (25-7)
Murray St. (17-12)
Ga. Tech (21-11)
Houston (25-6)
U.S.C. (23-5)
NE La. (19-9)
Ohio St (23-5)
Wat.Vld.SL (IMS)
Nebraska (19-9)
Connecticut (19-9)

Alabama (25-8)
Stanford (16-10)
No. Carolina (21-9)
Miami, Ohio (23-7)
Michigan (208)
Temple (17-12)
Arizona (24-6)
E. Tann. SL (23-6)

SL John's (19-10)
Tutens (21-8)
2 Oklahoma St (26-7)
15 Ga. Southern (25-6)

! B
9

5

! 12

[

I 4

13

6

II

3

14

7

110

1 Onto (2S-Z)

16 Campbell (19-11)

8 Texas (23-11)

9 Iowa (18-10)

5 Missouri (208)

12 W. Virginia (20-11)

4 Salon HsD (21-8)

13 La Sa&o (20-10)

6 Syracuse (21-9)

11 Princeton (22-5)

3 UMass (28-4)

14 Fordham (18-12)

7 NC-ChartotiB (23-8)

10 town SL (20-12)

2 Kentucky (26-6)

15 O.D.U. (15-14)

1 U.C-l—A- (25-4)

16 FL Morris (10-11)

B LoulsvM » (18-10)

9 Wahs For. (17-11)

5 DePaul (208)

12 ILM. St (23-7)

4 Oklahoma (218)

13 SW La. (20-10)

6 Georg e to wn (21-9)

11 So. Florida (198)

3 Florida St (209)

14 Montana (27-3)

7 l_S.il. (208)

10 B.Y.U. (258)

2 Indiana (238)

T5 E. UUnota (17-13)

Noah Quits as French Captain,
Draws Retort From Leconte

The Ne» York Time*

Beckenbauer: Will Help U.S. Team

BERLIN (AP) — Franz Beckenbauer, the forme r star player who
coached the West German team to the last World Cup soccer Saxqnon-
ship in 1990, plans to hdp the U.S. team prepare for the 1994 tournament,
the illustrated German weekly ma gazine Buntc reported Tuesday.

“Yes, I will go there and help them before the world championships.
But only for a couple of weeks a year,” Beckenbauer said.

The magazine gave no other details, nor did it say bow much Becken-
bauer, whose co aching skills are highly prized, would be paid.

• Bobby Robson, the former English national team manager whose
contract with Dutch league leader PSV Eindhoven expires at the end of
the season, will take over as coach of Sporting Lisbon later this year.
Sporting's president, Jos6 Sousa Gntra, said Tuesday. (Reuters)

Italian Cancellation Angers Dutch

ROME (Combined Dispatches) — Bowing to the pressure of such
dobs as AC Milan, who because of Italian soccer league and European
cup schedules have been unwilling to release their international players,
the Italian Federation abruptly canceled Tuesday the national team’s
edubitiao match April 22 against the N etherlands in Eindhoven.

That angered the Dutch Soccer Union because, a spokesman said.
There have been tickets printed and even sold which ca u ses problems.”
The spokesman said the match will now be played Sept 9. (Ar, Reuters)

Loyola Settles With Gathers’s Mother

LOS ANGELES (AP) — Loyola Marymount Uni versity mil pay
Lucilic Gathers $545,000 in a settlement that ends legal action against the
school by the family of her sou, the baskethaQ star Hank Gathers.

Loyola earlier paid 5855,000 in a settlement with Aaron Crump,
Gathos’s 8-year-old sou, in a suit filed by Gathers’ estate; Still to be
decided is a part of the suit that alleges negligence by those who treated
Gathers on toe court after he collapsed durmg a Lpyda name on March 4,
1990. Gathers died later that evening of cardSamyopauy.

Canadian Olympian in Murder Case

OTTAWA (Reuters) —Ken Leblanc, 24, a member of Canada’s four-
man Olympic bobsled team, has been arrested and charged with obstruct-
ing justice in allegedly threatening witnesses in a murder case involving
bis brother.

Leblanc was arrested Sunday and denied bail at his court appearance
Monday. His brother, Bryan, has been in police custody since December
on charges of murdering apaving contractor, Joseph D’Angelo, who was
dot dead in his Ottawa office last October.

For the Record

The British Open golf championship in 1996 win be held at Royal
Ly iham the Royal and Ancient Gtnb announced Wednesday. (Reuters)

PM Jackson, who coached the Chicago Bulls to their first NBA title in
the f ranchise 's 25-year history last season, has been given a three-year
contract extension through the 1995-96 season. (AP)

Tex Schramm, 71, the former executive of die NFL Dallas Cowbqys,
has been taken off a respirator and his condition upgraded from critical
to serious after quintuple bypass surgery. (AP)

Sob Evans, an awietan t coach at Oklahoma State, has been hired as the
Gist blade head basketball coach at Mississippi. (AP)

Hhoki loka of Japan retained his WBA jmrior flyweight title Tuesday
If outpointing Noel Tunac&o of the Philippines in a 12-round bout in

itakynshu. (Reuters)

Victor Rabaaaks of Mexico won the WBCs vacant bantamweight tide
Monday night in Los Angeles with a ninth-round technical derision over
Yong Hood Lee of Sooth Korea. (AP)

Tyson Gets Off
To Fast Start

. Th e Associated Press

INDIANAPOLIS — Mike

Tyson has declined to eat pris-
on food or cooperate with an
edu cational assessment, which
Indiana CQfTCCt i O pal officials,
say represents “pretty typical
behavior” for a new inmate.

Prison officials confirmed
Monday that tbefonner heavy-
weight champion hadn’t taken
solid food his first five days in
prison and that he faces disci-
plinary action for giving his
autograph to feBow inmates.

Kevin Moore, a Depart-
ment of Correction spokes-
man, said Tyson has taken flu-
ids but refused to eat solid
food during his first five days
at the Reception and Diagnos-
tic Center near Indanapolis.

“Not eating is not atypical
of people who are into the sys-
tem for the first time,” Moore
said. They lose their appetite
because of the uncertainty.”

Utah Coach’s Technical
Puts Irish in NTT Final

thmgghe

Carried by Our Su$ From Dispatches

NEW YORK — Utah’s volatile
basketball coach, Rick Majerus,
has put Notre Dame into the final
of the National Invitation Tourna-
ment.

The body Majerus banged his
fist on a saxePs table three times,
slammed down a clipboard,
punched the air, shouted, stomped,
stared, panted at a referee and was
called for a technical fool with 9.7
seconds left in Monday night’s
semifinal and Notre Dame escaped
with a 58-55 victory in a raucous
Madison Square Garden.

That put the Irish in the final
Wednesday night against Virginia,
which had beatai Florida, 62-56, in
the first semifinal behind Bryant
Stith’s 27 paints and 15 rebounds.

The senior, Virginia’s career
scoring leader, had 10 points in the
last nme minutes as the Cavaliers
overcame a 49-45 deficit.

In the second half of that game,
the Galois could sink only 10 of 27
shots.

The Irish may have played the
toughest college schedule in the
country, but they seemed about to
unravel when they started to blow
scoring chances, troubled by
Utah’s nonstop pressure after half-
time.

With 32 seconds left, the Utcs
took their first lead, 55-54. Then,
on an inbounds play under the No-
tre Dame basket, LaFhonso HHs of
the Irish bounced the ball off his
foot and Utah recovered. But
Utah’s Paul Afealri was called for
pushing Ellis, and Majerus New
up.

“It was deserved.” Majerus said
of his technical *Tve got nothing
to say about the officials. But Tm
not going to ask one of than on a
camping trip tins summer.”

LaFhonso FJK* made only one
free throw. But it tied the game,
ih g n Dahnon Sweet sank the two
free throws for the technical the
Irish retained possession and woo.

(NYT),AP)

Compiled by Cha Staff From Dispatches

PARIS — Yannick Noah, who
captained France to a sensational
Davis Cup title last year, announced
Tuesday that be is quitting the post
and in so doing angered at least one
of his fanner players.

Noah, in revealing his decision in
an interview published Tuesday by
the sports daily L’Eqnipe, said that
he reached the decison three weeks
before this weekend’s loss to Swit-
zerland in the 1992 quarterfinals.

“The fact that we lost didn’t
change my decision Noah said.
“It’s out of the question that the
Davis Cup become my thing"

“It’s enough,” he added, ^ln five
or six years time, we wfll see, but
now I want to do something dse.”

Franqois Janffret, the French
Tennis Federation’s technical di-
rector, said in a radio interview that
Noah had revealed his decision to
the team’s players three weeks ago.

“He didn’t want anyone to say
he left after a defeat,” Jauffret said,
adding that “we’ve fallen from the
its. It’s an incredible blow ”
le said Noah “brought some-
phenomenal to this team. We
eH stay with us.”
it Noah also expressed disap-
itment with December's two
Henri Leconte and Guy
Forget, in a long and sometimes
bitter interview in which he ac-
cused them of resting on the laurels
of the victory over the United
States instead of concentrating on
the job in hand.

“Basically it was a case of two
who said, ‘We’ve won the
that's great.’” Noah said.
“Henri said. The Davis Cup is my
hfc.’ No, his life is to play and win
matches. It’s not because he’s won
once that everything is accom-
plished.

“Look at Guy’s results since the
beginning of the year. Fine, be beat
[Ivan] Lendl but, in comparison
with ms ability, be has not come up
to his real level Henri has won one

match

“I feared this would happen. We
even spoke about it on the night we
won the Cup. The guys agreed with
me. They won’t be surprised to
read this.”

But Leconte said later in a radio
interview that ‘Tm sorry these re-
marks were m ade and that Yannick
has it in for us. I find that stupid
and idiotic. It leaves an unpleasant
taste in the mouth. It’s a pity.”

Noah, evoking the emotional up-

Ageacc FnscH’me

Yannick Noah after December's victory: “It’s enough.”

i 4 yy a

set of the United States in the 1991
final in December, told LI
“There was nothing more i

A former French Open winner
and still a part-time player, Noah
said be wanted to concentrate on
his new career as a singer and re-
cording artist

His departure is laced with irony.
Foot months ago, he was a national
hero, sharing the Davis Cup glory
equally with his overachieving
stars, Leconte and Forget after
their victory in Lyon for France's
first Davis Cup tide in 59 years.

Yet on Monday, not knowing he
was quitting the French press was
questioning Noah’s tactical deri-
sions in the loss to Switzerland.

Noah decided (hat Forget and
Leconte were not playing up to par,
and gambled by giving the singles
berths to two unheralded players,

BASKETBALL

NBA Standings

EASTE RN CONFEREN CE
Altuillc CMvWos

* -Now York

■ L

46 25

Pet

MS

GB

Boston

42 39

SO

<Vj

Miami

34 39

An

J2»!r

HwJcnnr

32 3»

451

14

PMkxfetptila

31 42

425

u

Washington

23 49

J19

23fe

Orlando

17 SS

.236

29W

x-CMcago

Control D MEM

* 13

SO

x-Ctovgfarat

48 22

M

9»

Detroit

42 30

SO

Atlanta

35 37

486

23*

Irafl arm

35 38

479

2*

MHwauka*

39 43

417

3SVx

Charlotte

29 42

409

29

WESTERN CONFERENCE
jUMwestDMsfos

&

x-Utah

47 24

M2

San Antonio

.42 30

SO

Houston

37 35

514

Denver

23 49

SO

□alias

18 54

250

Minnesota

11 60

.153

ftoetffc Ofrtstan

^Portland

51 21

JU

x-Gafcfan State

49 23

476

Phoenix

47 25

453

Saattto

40 32

556

LA. CH poors

39 32

■549

LJLLakan

38 32

543

Sacramento

2< 49

J33

MDACbad playoff barm

SW i
low
Mft
am
36

5V.

4

11

n»
12
2 T

MONDAY'S RESULTS
SEE

so 26 » so—117

Cummings 14-27 24 32. EMott 9-17 M 34,
Carr 0-14 7a 23; Coleman *13 48 2a Potrovk:
6-16 44 EL Raboaads— San Antonio 44 (Cum-
minus 15). New Jersey 61 (Dudley. Coleman
14). AieMi— San Antonio 17 (StrfcUand I).
New Jersey 31 (Blaylock T3>.

2$ 27 13 38 — IIS
2* 32 32 30— US
Bowie 1*22 2-2 27, Anderson *17 *13 23:
Curry 10-1i*3Z,Boaues 211 3-4 21, Johnson*
13 56 Zl. Reboootfs— Ortando 57 (Anderson,
Canada* 9). anrtotte 38 Uohneon 7). A*
ifeh— OrMt 27 (Vincent SI. Chartotto 34
Uohneon 19).

MHwaekee 36 27 17 30—1B0

(/tab IS 19 29 37—139

EHIs*l5 1-22H. Roberts *12 1-3 19; J JMalono
15020030. mwq tone *1011-11 27. ITehruwitl
MtaotAM 44 ( Brkfcowsld 4), Utah 59 ( ICMo-
lora 9). Anttfs — Milwaukee is (Conner 5),
Utah 34 (Stockton 13).

23 34 34 M-W6
31 33 32 29-09
Borktav 1*24 7-0 37. Hawkins *14 M 25;
Hardaway 1*21 l-i 2* Muffin 1*22 *3 26. Mar-
ckri loots *13 44 JO, Owens *15 *3 ZL Ro-
Bpowrtl FkCadOtoMD 46 (Barklev 16). Gott-
en State 51 (Owens 13). A ssi st s . pnitodeMUo
3D (DawfcJm. Hnwttns 7). Golden Mato 3$
(Harda n uy 77).

TRANSACTIONS

OAKLANO-Oodoned Steve CMtren and
Kevin CanwtoeU, Pitchers; Dorn Howttt.aut-
flddor-RnttiQseman.-itodMIke tannery and
Eric Fox. outfielders; to minor league camp
for roasstonment.

TEXAS— Optioned Lance McCuUer* pitch*
or, to Oklahoma City. American Association.
Dan Canaan,Mk1>er, was asstoned to extend-
ed soring trebling.

stve tackle; Jeff Brodv. linebacker; and Pat-
rick Jackson, wide receiver.

KANSAS CITY— Signed Bennie Thompson,

BASEBALL

CHICAGO— Wayne Edwards, Pitcher, r*
tosedootrtgM assfenmnd to Vancouver, Pa-
cific Coca League to become free agent

HOUSTON— Optioned Wlfffe BkUr and Bob
MoHtaoaL Ditchers; Eddie Tucker, cotdior;
end Erie Yetdbs. tafleider; to Tucson, Pacif-
ic CW— * 1 unfif

N.Y. ME TS— Traded Terry Brook pitcher,
to Son Diego for Craig Bullock, third base-
man. Optioned Julio' Votora, Bttdxnr.toTtde-
wafer. Intamaflonal Loosue. Sent Chris Dan-
nefs, Infletdsr.and Orlando Meraadob catcher,
to minor league camp far reass i gnment.

SAN DieGO— Put Ed Whitson. Pilcher, on
today dimmed list

SAN P RAM C (SCO— Optioned Francisco
Okeraulktor; Stave Docker, catcher,'

Gres Utton orttJofto Patterson. Jnfletter*; to

Phoenix. PocMc Coast League. Sent Cnri#
McMurtrv. pitcher, and Stave Ldte. catcher,
to minor league camp for reosstounent

BASKETBALL

nutlmeil Basketball A ss octaWoa
CLEVELAND— Stoned B05hy Pnlltt, to r-
ward. to contract through end e< season.

FOOTBALL

Natknal FodJWf Imm
ATLANTA— S toned Tony Janes, wtte re-

WASHINGTON — Signed Gary Wilkins.

GREEN BAY— Stoned KJtrk* Toy tor. wide
receiver -kick returner.

LA. RAMS— Stoned Den* LovRIe. running
bock.

NEW ENGLAND— Stoned Scott Bowles. of-
fensive Knsman.

TAMPA BAY— Agreed to terms with Sam-
my Lilly, eomerbock.

HOCKEY

National Hockey League

MONTREAL— Recoiled John LoClalr. cen-
ter. tram Fredericton, American Hockey

QUEBEC— Stoned Dave Kama defense-
mon. Sort Martin Rudnsfcy. left wtoa, to Hdl-
fox, American Hockey Leagu e .

SAN JOSE— Assigned Mike Coleman, for-
ward. to Kansas atv. I r dnmotionol Hockey

DETROIT— Stoned tarry Cofan, safety.
GREEN BAY— Stoned David Vtaone»af*sn-

COLLEGE
BAYLOR— Named Larry Tidwell women’s
assistant Bask e t bal l coach.

CAL POLY-POMONA— Gene Krlegor.
women’s voUevtufi caoch. resKmed.

CENTRAL MISSOURI STATE— Named
Bab Sundvokl basketball coach.

COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON— Named
Shannon Gregg softball coach.

GEORGIA SOUTHERN N a med Pater
Thurmond quonerbock and fullback coach.
Reassigned Dovtt Sounders, defensive line
coach, as stotbasAs coach ond CBH Lewi*
s tolbocks coach, as defensive line coodh
HARTFORD — jock PMian, basketball
-h . . . ■ — Eirwf HahlhB-anlnnd

Clay Young, assistant coaches, end Jamie
Cowrove. part-lime assistant coach.

MARSHALL— Jody Southard, women's
basketball coach, resigned.

MIAMI, OHIO — Extended contract of Joby
Wright, basketball coach, through through
1996.

MISSISSIPPI— Named Rob Evans basket-
ball roach.

NIAGARA— Named Bill AororKn women's
basketball coach.

ROBERT MORRIS— Warned Tom Fleming
merrs and women's tennis coach.

RUTGERS— warned Dick Jamieson run-
ning backs coach.

SOUTHERN UTAH— Named Bill Evans
basketball coocfx

TEXAS CHRISTIAN— Extended contract
at Mor I bo. basketball coach, tar 3 years.

Exhibition Games

MONDAY'S RESULTS

Kansas Cttv 9, Las A n gel es 2

Texas 7, Boston 1

St. Louis ia Philadelphia 7

Atlanta 5. N.Y. Yankees 3

Pittsburgh 7, Toronto 3

NLY. Mels 5, Monteal 0

Oakland A Chicago Cubs 3

Seams SL San Frandsca 4

Cleveland & Milwaukee 6

San Dim 1 California 9

Minnesota vs. BoHbnore. pad. rain

Detroit L Houston 0

and ratal I 4 Chicago White Sax 3

Champion and Arnaud
Neither had played Davis
Cup singles before.

Each lost his opening maid) Fri-
day. Forget and Leconte won the
doubles Saturday, but Champion
losi again Sunday to end any hopes
of another miracle.

Forget and Leconte, close
friends and former Davis Cup
partners of Noah's, first

impressed disappointment at

his decision.

“I told him I would like him to
stay on," Forget said. “Yannick is
irreplaceable. We will talk about it
again, I hope I can make him
change Ins mind.”

Leconte said that “it’s a pity be-
cause we get on extremely well and
it's a shame to finish on a losing
note. But Yannick has created a
team spirit which can carry on
without him.”

And L’Equipe. in a full-page
spread about Noah on Tuesday,
already was waxing nostalgia

“Without Noah, nothing will be
the same," the papa 1 said in an
editorial “We miss him already.”-
(AP, Reuters )

■ Courier May Rejoin U.S.

Jim Courier, who lost his No. I
ranking to Stefan Edbere last week,
may be recalled for the U.S. team's
Davis Cup semifinal against Ed-
berg's Sweden, Agence France-Presse
reported from Fort Mvers, Florida.

“My opinion is that the best
American player should be play-
ing,” said John McEnroe, who will
be playing doubles. He and Andre
Agassi who won two auarterfmal
matches against Czechoslovakia,
are virtually certain to be picked.

For singles, the UR. captain,
Tom Gorman, has to choose be-
tween Courier, Pete Sampras, who
won only one of his singles against
the Czechs, and Michael Chang,
who has won his last three tourna-
ments.

Both Courier and Chang are dif-
ficult to beat on day, the surface
the Americans probably will pick
for the semifinal in Minneapolis on
Sept, 25-27.

AT&T USADirect ® Service can get you

back to the office from over 100 countries.

OBSERVER

Granny-Dumping

By Russell Baker

N EW YORK — John Kingery.

82, physically helpless, emp-
tied of memory by Alzheimer's dis-
ease and holding a bag of diapers,
was abandoned in his wheelchair ai
an Idaho dog track the other day.
"Proud to Be an American" were
the words on his sweatshirt.

Someihing about the story
caught editors' attention. Maybe it
was the dog-track angle. Old-tim-
ers like Kingery are usually aban-
doned at hospitals.

These abandonments are com-
mon enough nowadays, according
to agents of die old-people’s lobby,
to constitute a trend, which they
call "granny dumping."

Helpless ancients dumped at
hospitals haven't much interested
the press before now. but a granny
left at a dog track was a story too
bizarre to ignore, and it got big play
across the United Stales.

□

Thus 1 was forced to dwell on it
at the very momeni the posturing
of the presidential candidates was
at one of its seasonal peaks.

Former Governor Brown was di-
lating on the miracles that would
flow from a 1 3 percen t flat tax, with
blithe disregard Tor the fact that
George Washington himself, risen
from the tomb for the specific pur-
pose. could not persuade any Con-
gress — Democratic. Republican.
Whig. Federalist, Tory or Milk-of-
H Liman- Kindness Party — to enact
2 fiat tax.

Governor Clinton, instead of
dismissing Brown's tax promise as
irrelevant to real life — granny
dumping, e.g. — was accepting the
Brown theory that most voiers are
too dim to grasp basic political re-
alities, like Congress's sovereignty
in tax matters.

So there he was. gravely de-
nouncing the soak-ihe-pocr nature
of all flat taxes as though Brown's
might really be enacted.

No wonder so many voters were
saying there had to be somebody
better than this crowd.

□

Contemplating that future —
that bag of diapers, that “Proud to
Be an American" sweatshirt, those
dog trainers or supermarket stock
clerks or Disneyland Mickey
Mouse impersonators saying,
“Poor old granny, be doesn't even
know his own name" — contem-
plating that was no easier after
checking the Bush camp.

. There, as among the Democrats,
it was politics as usual: strict loyal-
ty to the faith that you can fool
enough of the people enough of the
time to be elected president

Granny-dumping hadn't come to
the attention of presidential speech
writers in January when they com-
posed the Stale of the Union ad-
dress. hut even then the press told
tales of the death of civilization.
People sleeping on the streets. Ter-
rorists rampant in filthy, ruined cit-
ies. Bankrupuve health care, and
□one at all for miHious.

Never mind. The president's
January speech had dared Demo-
crats to do many vaguely defined
things he knew they would not da
and he challenged them to do them
by March 20. or else get cam-
paigned against for not doing them.

In short, while pretending to
provide us with the governance ser-
vices for which we pay him, he was
posturing for re-election. Congres-
sional Democrats, equally master-
ful at striking poses, quickly passed
a lax bill they knew the president
would veto.

It offered small coin to this
year's favorite un definable mass,
“the middle class.” Bush then
danced the next step in this fakers'
minuet by vetoing it.

Now they will argue about who
most loves the middle class, each
boasting or his own role in this stale
piece of political bamboozlement
as evidence of statesmanship.

Contemplating the possibility of
being granny-dumped, there in the
wheelchair, holding the bog of dia-
pers. “Proud to Be an American,” I
wonder if our politicians mighL be
numb to furies seething among
.Americans as Eastern Europe’s rul-
ers were numb to the passions that
undid T eninism.

Wake and look, gentlemen.
There's trouble out here. People
sleeping in the streets. Terrorists
killing for fun, money and revenge
in filthy, ruined cities. Millions
with no’ medicine, no doctor. The
desperate young are abandoning
helpless, hopeless Granny.

Some indignation must be
voiced, some conviction about pub-
lic morality expressed, some princi-
ples articulated. “Electabiliiy” is a
shabby substitute for the passion
that hates seeing the old county
poorhouse revived as a dog track."

New York Times Service

At Oscars, 'Lambs’ Comes In Like

By Carla Hall

H’tuhngW* Pm/ Service

L OS ANGELES — "The Silence of the
Lambs" swqpt the Oscars, taking the
awards for best picture, best director, best
actor, best actress and best adapted
screenplay.

“I’m literally in a state of shock.” said
the director Jonathan Demme backstage.
The thriller starred Anthony Hopkins as
the brilliant cannibal murderer Hannibal
lecier and Jodie Foster as die young FBI
agent who seeks his help in capturing a
serial killer.

“It’s hard to digest," Demme said of the
awards. "No pun intended." he added.

Asked if the film’s sweep speaks well for
the horror genre. Foster said. “I don’t
think this fils into the horror genre at all —
! think this is a pretty heavy-duty psycho-
logical drama. It says a lot for dramatic
movies. There's not a comic moment in it."

Jack Paiance won the Academy Award
as best supporting actor in “City Slickers, n
and he wanted to make sure he didn't leave
the impression he was on his last legs. He
did one-handed push-ups to enthusiastic
applause.

Mercedes Ruehl walked away with the
best supporting actress award for her work
as the warm-hearted video store owner in
“The Fisher King.” The category was one
of several in which the field was seen as
fairly wide open.

Gabriele Salvatores’ “Mediterraneo"
won best foreign language film.

The art designer Dennis Gassner and
the set director Nancy Haigh won for
“Bugsy." which also won the award for
costume design. “Terminator 2: Judgment
Day" took four Oscars, for sound, sound
effects editing, makeup and visual effects.
The best picture nominee “JFK" took
awards for editing and cinematography.
The “JFK” film editors Joe Hutshuig and
Pietro Scaiia commended the director Oli-
ver Stone Tor giving them freedom. “Oliver
stayed away from the {editing] room.” said
Scaiia. “He said. “Break the rules on this
one,’" said Hutshing.

Cal lie Khouri won best original screen-
play for her spirited and groundbreaking
script for “Thelma £ Louise," the story of
two women on the run.

“Geena and Susan. I think you've made
the world a better place." said Khouri.
thanking the lead actresses of the film,
Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon. Asked
if the film indicates more strong female
roles to come, Khouri said, “It certainly
lodes that way — I hope it is. I plan on
writing a few. I think that Hollywood is
not only ready but willing and able." The
film’s reputation as a feminist work.
Khouri said, may have attracted people to
the theater, but “I think a lot of iL was

unwarranted in terms of its criticism — I
don’t think it was male bashing or any-
thing like that.”

As anticipated, a couple of hundred gay
rights activists demonstrated across the
street from the Dorothy Chandler Pavil-
ion. where the annual awards ceremony
was being held, but the event was uninter-
rupted.

The Associated Press reported that 10
people were arrested, including two pro-
testers who threw objects at the red-car-
peted entrance, and five who refused po-
lice orders to move from an intersection.
The protesters objected to portrayals in

three Oscar-nominated films: a gay serial
killer in “The Silence of the Lambs"; a gay
man accused of conspiracy in President
Kennedy's assassination in “JFK”; the
“de-lesbianizmg” from the original novel
of two companions in “Fried Green To-
matoes.”

Asked bow he felt about the gay activ-
ists outside, Demme said, “I think there is
great cause for anger from the gay popula-
tion of this country. I think it's the respon-
sibility of filmmakers to have a much
broader range of characters."

Foster responded to the same question
with, “Well, I think protest is good, it's in

Jonathan Demme with Ins Oscar for best (Erector; Mercedes RneM, best
supporting actress, and, below, Jack Paiance, best st^porting actor, does a one-
hand push-up to show that older actors can be winners too.

*•>

• \ ...s

the Constitution, it’s not against the law.
Asked if Lhis second Oscar {her first was
for her 1988 performance in “The Ac-
cused”) was an embarrassment of riches,
Foster cried "No way!" Demme was defi-
nite about one thing: “I want to make a
sequel to “Silence of the Lambs’ so bad.
Of the original book, Demme sard,
■Thomas Harris’s characters get under

your skin." , ,

Demme said he didn t see Lectcr as a
hero but as “an extraordinarily compelling
character. This is one of the great creations
of 20th-century Uierature. We’re all fasa-
nated with ewL”

Ruehl, who has already won a Tony tor
her work in "Lost in Yonkers," said she
had “secreted on my person” a nee n scar-
ab as a good luck charm. She joked about
putting the Oscar on a string around her
neck. "I had some expectation bat I hope I
didn’t look loo prepared,” Ruehl said
about winning. “You spend 30 years pre-
paring for this speech and then they give
you 30 seconds, 4 said Ruehl, who wore a
black halter dress by Valentino.

Speaking of good luck, Paiance said, “I
heard a rumor that if you win an Oscar
you've got it made. Now all I need is
another job — then I’ve really got it
made.” The 72-year-old actor, ruddy-
faced and silver-haired, was nominated
twice before, once for "Shane" in 1953.
Paiance said the award would have meant
more 40 years ago. “I probably would haw
tried more t h in g s in (he film business. It s
nice now — but then it would have been
more exciting.”

The winner in documentary features —
one of the most controversial categories
this year for its well-known omissions such
as "Paris Is Banting," "35 Up” and
“Hearts of Darkness —was "Tn the Shad-
ow of the Stare,” a look at the members of
the San Francisco Opera chorus. Allie
Light and Irving Sara! were the winning
producers. Backstage, AQie Light said of
the documentaiy feature brouhaha, “If I
was very good at promoting ourselves, I
would say this is good — no one has paid
much attention to documentary filmmak-
ing before."

Other winners:

DOCUMENTARY SHORT SUBJECT: DaOni 0*08-
noH, Deadly Deception- General Electric. Nuclear
Weapons end Our Envlroninanr
MUSIC ORIGINAL SCORE: Atai Menken, "Beaut*
and the Bead"

MUSIC ORIGINAL SONG: Alan Menken and the late
Howard Ash mn "Beoutv and the Beast" from "Beau-
ly and the Bear

ANIMATED SHORT FILM: DanM Greaves, "Marrtpu-
tatkn”

LIVE ACTION SHORT FILM: Seth Winston and Ret*
Fried. -Session Mon"

Honorary Oscars announced in ad-
vance:

IRVING G. THALBERG AWARD: Georue Luces.
LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD: Sotvolit Roy.
GORDON E. SAWYER AWARD: Ray Horrvhausea.

WXIH

Theft of a Waxen Chef

GmmedbyCoMeagun

Bernard Gabriel Thomas, pres-
dent of the Music Girvin,
the museum’s wax likeness of fa
celebrated chef Patti Boose “fa*,
ptkably" missing who he arriwd
at work Tuesday. Later, a group of

T ynnnais chefs d aimed "’"fyj rAjn-

of the deed and said they
return the figure only “unde^

ress." “Paul Bocuse has no busk-
in a Paris museum . . . he sfettid
stay in Lyon," said Girard 1%.'
dron, their spokesman. BocastjW
flamboyant owner of a thm^-
establishment in Cofiongesta,;
Mont-d’Or, near Lyon. «riW

LTnmtv? fliM ffimnn—i wmA.i it* . l

ousy." He did not elaborate. 23*
wax-museum chef had been pig* #
a display, ostensibly saving tntfffe 1
to the effigies of & groan q.

former French President Y&n
Giscard (TEstamg. . . ~

□ r'v;.-.

A famous image
Shakespeare — the engraving «•
the first edition of his coQacted
works —was based on a 1588 pay
trail of Queen ESzabe& L a com--
puter expert has conduded.“V n ^
this, it’s so perfect dim (fan?*, no-
doubt. You could take tfeltnbpa.
traits, scale them to the game
on a Xerox machine and laytime
on top of each other aadjnrlbr'
yourself,’' Uffian Sdwarfzsaid.
“Absolute garbage," saidfta* B&-
tram of Rutgers Umverehy^wbo;
has written studies oTShake-
speare’s portraits. ,• . . -

□ . .. v r;. •;

Alberto Zedda, conductoir.mna- 1
cologist and a specialist in tire
eras of Rossini, was Darned artistic
director of Milan's Teatro aHa
Scala Tuesday. Zedda, 64, succeeds
Cesare Mazzonis in the post at Ita-
ly’s most prestigious opera house*
where he win form a lean* tritb
Rkcardo Mint the muse director.;

O *

A fifth-grade dass at Central Av^
enue Elementary School of Lancas-
ter, New York, wrote to celebrities
asking for favorite recipes far a*4
cookbook. Steven Sperag’s mat-’

MKAYliri

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